桐城中兴遗珠探微——敬义书院源流考述

A Delicate Examination of the Neglected Treasures of Tongcheng's Renaissance:A Case Study on the Origin of Jingyi Academy

桐城学派自东南一隅传衍全国,绵延二百余年,对清代文史、教育、政治均有推助之功。曾国藩任直隶总督时期,张裕钊、吴汝纶相继执长莲池书院,京畿学风“因以大开”。桐城学术以书院讲学为传衍媒介,各地书院均因之繁荣,使河北成为晚清学术中心重阵。而敬义书院因非曾门直系执掌而渐趋式微,后世研究偶有涉猎。创院者方宗诚被誉为“桐城正脉”,宰枣十年,创建讲舍、书院、义仓、纂修《县志补正》、汇编《文章本原》,是桐城学功不可没的“中兴大将”。敬义书院作为清末基层书院标杆,也是先于莲池在河北践行桐城学经世之务的主要阵营之一。

The Tongcheng School of Thought was spread from a corner of the southeast to the whole country,lasting for more than 200 years,and made contributions to the literature,history,education,and politics of the Qing Dynasty.During the period when Zeng Guofan was the governor of Zhili,Zhang Yuzhao and Wu Rulun successively led the Lianchi Academy,and the academic atmosphere in the capital region was greatly improved.Tongcheng academic studies were spread through lectures in colleges,and the prosperity of colleges in various regions made Hebei a key academic center in the late Qing Dynasty.However,the Jingyi Academy was occasionally studied in later generations because it was not led by the direct descendants of the Zeng family.Fang Zongcheng,the founder of the Jingyi Academy,was known as"the genuine Tongcheng School"for ten years,established lecture halls,colleges,granaries,compiled the Supplement to the County Annals,and compiled The Origin of the Article.He was an indispensable"general of the renaissance"of the Tongcheng School.As a benchmark of grass-roots colleges in the late Qing Dynasty,the Jingyi Academy was also one of the main camps that practiced Tongcheng academic studies in Hebei before the Lianchi Academy.