先秦儒家义战观的嬗变

The Evolution of the Confucian Concept of Righteous War in the Pre-Qin Period

战争作为极端政治冲突,其出现便是灾难。春秋战国时期,随着“国际”规范的不断退化与战争性质的改变,先秦儒家希望通过规范邦国政治以达到天下大局的稳定。但是,残酷的现实也迫使儒家将战争视为备选,使其发挥以战止战的功效;主张战争要背靠道义,无论是开战、战后亦或交战都应符合相应的道义规范。

As an extreme political conflict,the emergence of war is a disaster.During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States period,with the degeneration of“international”norms and the change of the nature of war,the Pre-Qin Confucians hoped to achieve political stability in the world by regulating domestic politics.However,the cruel reality forced Confucians to regard war as an alternative,utilizing it to achieve peace through war.They advocated that war should be based on righteousness,and that the initiation,conduct,and aftermath of war should all conform to corresponding ethical standards.