地震面波和P—导波正演模拟与波场分析

Forward modeling and wave field analysis of seismic surface waves and guided P-waves

面波和P—导波是两种与边界有关的波动现象,是近地表地震波场的重要组成部分。为研究面波和P—导波的产生机制和传播规律,本文采用高阶交错网格有限差分算法,在把数值模拟中遇到的数值频散、边界条件等问题解决的基础上,设计不同厚度和不同弹性参数的介质模型进行正演模拟,并在正演结果的基础上提取频散剖面、振幅随炮检距变化曲线等进一步分析。当地表存在低速薄层,且来自同一震源的P波和SV波的相速度大于下伏高速层S波速度小于其P波速度时,会产生P—导波。在高泊松比(大于0.4)介质中,面波和P—导波的相速度分别对S波和P波速度敏感,两者通常携带了不能从折射波和反射波中获得的近地表信息,通过适当的采集、分析和反演能够建立高分辨率近地表模型。本文总结了在同一震源下激发生成面波和P—导波的产生条件和波场特征,加深对面波和P—导波传播规律的认识,为反演和去噪研究奠定基础。

Surface waves and guided P-waves,as two boundary-related wave phenomena,are a crucial part of the near-surface seismic wave field.This study investigated their generation mechanism and propagation regularity using the high-order staggered-grid finite-difference algorithm.First,it solved the problems like numerical dispersion and boundary conditions in numerical simulation.Based on this,it designed medium models under different thicknesses and elastic parameters for forward modeling.Furthermore,it extracted dispersion profiles and amplitude versus offset curves for analysis.In the case of a low-velocity thin layer on the surface,guided P-waves can be generated when the phase velocities of P and SV waves from the same source exceed the S-wave velocity but are less than the P-wave velocity of the underlying high-velocity layer.In media with high Poisson's ratios(>0.4),the phase velocities of surface waves and guided P-waves are sensitive to the S-and P-wave velocities,respectively.Surface waves and guided P-waves usually contain near-surface information that is unavailable in refracted and reflected waves.The appropriate acquisition,analysis,and inversion of near-surface information enable the establishment of a high-resolution near-surface model.This study generalized the generation conditions and wave field characteristics of surface waves and guided P-waves under the same source and deepened the understanding of their propagation regularity,laying a foundation for inversion and denoising research.