中国垃圾焚烧标准回顾与分析

Review and Analysis on Waste Incineration Standards in China

以我国垃圾焚烧工程技术发展阶段为基准,我国垃圾焚烧标准体系建设可分为“2000年前,初期起步阶段”“2001-2010年,重要发展阶段”“2011年至今,细化优化阶段”。对3个阶段的垃圾焚烧标准进行系统的回顾和分析:2000年前垃圾焚烧领域仅有几项国家及行业标准,2001-2010年发布10余项重要垃圾焚烧相关的国家及行业标准,2011年后除对原标准的优化修订外,更多重点集中于标准的细化。同时,结合行业发展进程对比了重要标准修订前后的不同点及地方生活垃圾焚烧污染控制标准限值。综合分析现行标准存在的问题后,提出了相应的建议,即加强标准制定过程中起草过程的规范性,加快垃圾焚烧领域推荐性国家及行业标准制修订速度并提高标准之间的协调性,制定符合经济和技术指标的垃圾焚烧地方环保标准,提高团体标准的准入门槛并完善实施机制建设。

The establishment of China’s waste incineration standards could be divided into“the beginning stage before 2000”,“important development stage from 2001 to 2010”,and“refined optimization stage from 2011 to present”in terms of the development stage of waste incineration engineering technology in China.The three stages of waste incineration standards were systematically reviewed and analyzed,showed that before 2000,there were only a few national and industry standards in the field of waste incineration.From 2001 to 2010,more than ten important national and industry standards related to waste incineration were released.Since 2011,in addition to the optimization and revision of the original standards,more emphasis has been focused on the refinement of the standards.At the same time,the differences before and after the revision of important standards and the limits of local domestic waste incineration pollution control standards were compared according to the development process of the industry.After a comprehensive analysis of the problems existed in the current standard,the corresponding suggestions were put forward,that was,strengthening the standardization of drafting rules in the process of standard formulation,accelerating the formulation of recommended national and industry standards and improving the coordination between the standards,formulating local environmental standards in line with economic and technical factors,raising the entry threshold for group standards,and improving the construction of implementation mechanisms.