自尊与大学生锻炼动机的关系——心理资本和状态焦虑链式中介作用

The Relationship between Self-Esteem and Exercise Motivation among College Students——The Mediating Role of Psychological Capital and State Anxiety

目的:探讨自尊与大学生锻炼动机之间的关系,以及心理资本和状态焦虑在二者之间的中介作用。方法:采用文献资料法、问卷调查法、数理统计法等研究方法。结果:(1)自尊与大学生锻炼动机呈显著正相关(r=0.275,P<0.01),与心理资本呈显著正相关(r=0.279,P<0.01),与状态焦虑呈显著负相关(r=-0.309,P<0.01);大学生锻炼动机与心理资本呈显著正相关(r=0.517,P<0.01),与状态焦虑呈显著负相关(r=-0.516,P<0.01),心理资本与状态焦虑显著负相关(r=-0.605,P<0.01)。(2)自尊对大学生锻炼动机的总效应为(β=0.275,P<0.001),直接效应为(β=0.096,P<0.01)。(3)自尊对大学生锻炼动机的中介效应主要通过3种途径实现,即“自尊→心理资本→大学生锻炼动机”“自尊→状态焦虑→大学生锻炼动机”“自尊→心理资本→状态焦虑→大学生锻炼动机”,这3种途径的效应量占整体的比例分别为31.48%、16.45%、17.03%。结论:(1)自尊对大学生锻炼动机有直接影响作用,自尊越强,大学生运动的内在动机和外在动机就越高;(2)自尊也可以通过心理资本和状态焦虑的中介作用影响大学生锻炼动机;(3)积极开展心理教育活动,提高大学生的自尊,增强大学生的心理资本,减少大学生的负向状态焦虑,有助于提高其大学生锻炼动机。

OBJECTIVE:This study aims to investigate the connection between self-esteem and exercise motivation among college students,as well as the mediating influence of psychological capital and state anxiety.METHODS:Research methods including literature review,questionnaire surveys,and statistical analysis were employed.RESULTS:(1) Self-esteem shows a significant positive correlation with exercise motivation among college students(r=0.275,P<0.01),and is also positively correlated with psychological capital(r=0.279,P<0.01),while exhibiting a significant negative correlation with state anxiety(r=-0.309,P<0.01).College students' exercise motivation is significantly positively correlated with psychological capital(r=0.517,P<0.01) and significantly negatively correlated with state anxiety(r=-0.516,P<0.01).Psychological capital is significantly negatively correlated with state anxiety(r=-0.605,P<0.01).(2) The total effect of self-esteem on college students' exercise motivation is(β=0.275,P<0.001),with a direct effect of(β=0.096,P<0.01).(3) The mediating effect of self-esteem on college students' exercise motivation is mainly realized through three pathways:“self-esteem→psychological capital→college students' exercise motivation”,“self-esteem→state anxiety→college students' exercise motivation”,and “self-esteem→psychological capital→state anxiety→college students' exercise motivation”.The proportions of the effects of these three pathways on the overall mediation are 31.48%,16.45%,and 17.03%,respectively.CONCLUSIONS:(1) Self-esteem directly influences college students' exercise motivation;stronger self-esteem is associated with higher intrinsic and extrinsic motivation for exercise among college students.(2) Self-esteem can also impact college students' exercise motivation through the mediating role of psychological capital and state anxiety.(3) Actively engaging in psychological education activities,enhancing college students' self-esteem,improving their psychological capital,and reducing negative state anxiety can contribute to enhancing college students' exercise motivation.