论中西科幻文学中宇宙伦理的不同转向——以《三体》与《索拉里斯星》为中心

当文明不断向宇宙延伸,人类或将迎来新的文明发展阶段——宇宙选择阶段。在浩大的宇宙文明中,人类能否确定自身的位置?《三体》三部曲与《索拉里斯星》分别作为刘慈欣与斯坦尼斯瓦夫·莱姆的集大成之作,不约而同地对“人在宇宙的位置”以及“宇宙的终极目的”等哲学命题进行了思考,集中体现了两者的科幻创作思想。刘慈欣通过对可知宇宙的书写,对人在宇宙中的主体性地位进行了重申。莱姆则打破了同一性的本体论思维方式,对科幻文学中的人类中心主义进行了反拨。当生存与道德形成冲突,刘慈欣认为生存才是文明的目的,而莱姆则提出以爱为核心内容的道德是人类确定自我生命存在的方式。刘慈欣在对科技的执着中走向了一条和谐伦理乌托邦的构建之路,莱姆则用宗教的浪漫主义实现了他对自由伦理乌托邦的渴望。

When civilization continues to extend to the cosmos,mankind will usher in a new stage of civilization development,i.e.,the stage of cosmic selection.Can human beings get a clear understanding of their position in the vast cosmic?As the masterpieces of Liu Cixin and Lem,respectively,the Trilogy of The Three-Body Problem and Solaris are concerned about philosophical propositions such as“the position of man in the cosmos”and“the ultimate goal of the cosmos”,which embodies their science fiction creation ideas.Liu Cixin reiterated the subjectivity status of human beings in the universe by writing about the knowable universe,while Lem broke the ontological thinking mode of identity and completely reversed the anthropocentrism in science fiction literature.When there is a conflict between survival and morality,Liu Cixin believes that survival is the purpose of civilization,while Lem proposes that morality with love as the core content is the way for human beings to determine their own life existence.Liu Cixin's insistence on science and technology leads to a road of building a harmonious ethical utopia,while Lem realizes his desire for a free ethical utopia through religious romanticism.