低碳城市试点政策对中国资源型城市绿色转型发展的影响

Impact of low‑carbon city pilot policy on the green transformation and development of China′s resource‑based cities

绿色技术创新是实现中国式绿色现代化的关键支撑和动力源泉,更是推动资源型城市绿色低碳转型发展的重要动力。该研究采用2006—2021年中国110个资源型城市的面板数据,以低碳城市试点政策为准自然实验,基于空间渐进双重差分模型,从空间溢出视角考察了低碳城市建设对资源型城市绿色技术创新的影响效应及其时空异质性,并结合中介效应模型揭示了低碳城市建设影响资源型城市绿色技术创新的作用机制。研究发现:(1)低碳城市建设显著促进了资源型城市的绿色技术创新,尤其对城市绿色实用新型专利申请量的驱动效应更强。此结论经过一系列稳健性检验后依然成立。(2)低碳城市建设的政策效应存在“本地-邻地”的空间溢出,本城市的低碳治理将向空间相邻城市溢出“政策红利”,激励空间相邻城市的绿色技术创新,且“政策红利”主要提高了空间相邻城市的绿色专利申请量和绿色实用新型专利申请量。(3)时空异质性分析表明,低碳城市建设在资源型城市中的政策激励效应存在时滞性,在政策实施后的第5年开始逐步增强;该效应还存在城市发展阶段和初始绿色创新水平的异质性,其在成熟型城市、再生型城市以及绿色创新高水平城市中更显著,且政策激励效应的空间正向溢出在再生型城市和绿色创新高水平城市中更显著。(4)机制检验表明,低碳城市建设通过推动城市产业结构的转型升级,提高城市经济集聚程度,从而促进了资源型城市的绿色技术创新。(5)进一步分析发现,随着政策试点范围的扩大,低碳城市试点政策存在显著的推广效应。该研究拓宽了低碳城市建设的绿色创新效应的研究视角,为夯实低碳城市试点政策的现有成果、推动资源型城市绿色低碳转型发展提供了经验证据和有益启示。

Green technology innovation serves as a crucial support and driving force for realizing China′s path to green modernization,and it also plays a significant role in promoting the green and low-carbon transformation and development of resource-based cities.This study used panel data from 110 resource-based cities in China from 2006 to 2021 and took the low-carbon city pilot policy as a quasi-natu-ral experiment.Based on the spatial progressive difference-in-differences model and from the spatial spillover perspective,the study ex-plored the impact of low-carbon city construction on the green technology innovation of resource-based cities and its spatio-temporal het-erogeneity.It also revealed the mechanisms of low-carbon city construction affecting the green technology innovation of resource-based cit-ies by combining the mediating effect model.The results found that:①The construction of low-carbon cities significantly promoted the green technology innovation of resource-based cities;the driving effect was stronger on the number of patent applications of the urban green utility model.This conclusion still held after a series of robustness tests.②The policy effect of low-carbon city construction had spa-tial‘local-neighborhood’spillovers.The low-carbon governance of the city spilled over the‘policy dividend’to the spatially adjacent cit-ies,which promoted the green technology innovation of these cities;the‘policy dividend’mainly increased the number of green patent ap-plications and patent applications of the green utility model in the spatially adjacent cities.③Spatio-temporal heterogeneity analysis found that the policy incentive effect of low-carbon city construction in resource-based cities was characterized by time lag;the policy in-centive effect began to strengthen gradually in the fifth year after the policy implementation.It also had the heterogeneity of urban develop-ment stages and initial levels of green innovation,which was more significant in mature cities,regenerative cities,and cities with high lev-els of green innovation;its spatial positive spillover effect was more significant in regenerative cities and cities with high-level green inno-vation.④Mechanism test results indicated that the construction of low-carbon cities promoted green technology innovation in resource-based cities by promoting the transformation and upgrading of urban industrial structures and enhancing the degree of urban economic ag-glomeration.⑤The results of further analysis found that low-carbon city pilot policies had a significant promotional effect with the gradual expansion of the scope of the policy pilot.This study broadens the research perspective on the green innovation effects of low-carbon city construction.It also provides empirical evidence and valuable insights for consolidating the achievements of low-carbon city pilot policies and promoting the green and low-carbon transformation of resource-based cities.