黄河流域水、能源、食物政策整合程度、模式与结构

Degree,patterns,and structure of water,energy and food policy integration in the Yellow River Basin

实现黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展,需着力构建水-能源-食物纽带关系,政策整合则是其中重要的治理工具。该研究以2010—2023年沿黄9省份,以及山东半岛城市群、中原城市群、关中平原城市群、“几”字弯都市圈和兰西城市群的水资源、能源和食物政策为样本,运用社会网络分析和指数随机图模型对黄河流域水、能源、食物政策整合程度、模式及结构进行研究。结果显示:(1)样本期内,黄河流域水、能源、食物政策目标整合总体水平不高,水资源政策是当前整合程度最高的政策类型,关中平原城市群政策整合范围广,“几”字弯都市圈政策整合程度深,是当前整合度较高的地区。(2)从流域视角看黄河水、能源、食物政策目标整合模式,全流域存在核心、待扩散和创新整合3种关系,需要采用不同手段促进自上而下和自下而上政策整合。(3)当前黄河流域多关注水资源和食物政策整合,且能力建设工具是政策整合中使用最多、效果最好的政策工具。然而,黄河流域水资源政策、能源政策和食物政策整合中也存在许多问题,包括能源政策分别与食物、水资源政策整合不足,整合过程中欠缺使用学习型政策工具,且全流域政策整合进度失调等。这意味着,促进黄河流域生态环境保护和高质量发展,须将水-能源-食物纽带关系提升至战略地位,并通过推动组织变革,扩大部门协作,提高水、能源、食物3个子系统政策整合的程度,特别是水资源与能源、能源与食物政策整合。此外,在政策整合过程中,还要丰富政策工具的使用类型,尤其是激励型工具和学习型工具。最后,着眼全流域协同推进政策整合,需拓展省市之间、城市之间的交流平台,优先在全流域推广待扩散型与创新型政策整合关系。

Achieving ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin requires enhancing the water-ener-gy-food nexus,with policy integration being an important governance tool.Using relevant data from 2010 to 2023,this study applied so-cial network analysis and exponential random graph models to study the degree,patterns,and structure of water resource,energy,and agricultural management policy integration in nine provinces and five urban clusters in the Yellow River Basin.The study arrived at the following conclusions:①The overall level of policy integration in the water-energy-food nexus of the Yellow River Basin during the sample period was not high.Water resource policy had the highest level of integration,and the Guanzhong Plain urban cluster had the widest range of policy integration.The Jiziwan bend metropolitan area exhibited a relatively high degree of policy integration.②From the basin perspective,there are three types of relationships in the integration pattern of water-energy-food policies:core,to-be-dissemi-nated,and innovative.Each type required different approaches to promote top-down and bottom-up policy integration.③In the Yellow River Basin,attention is mainly focused on the integration of water resources and food policies.Capacity-building tools are the most fre-quently used and the most effective instruments.However,there is a neglect of policy integration between energy and water as well as between energy and food subsystems,and a lack of utilization of learning-based policy instruments,leading to imbalances in the prog-ress of policy integration across the entire basin.This indicates that elevating the water-energy-food nexus to a strategic position is es-sential for promoting ecological environmental protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin.Additionally,it is necessary to promote organizational reform,expand interdepartmental collaboration,and simultaneously enhance policy integration de-gree of water,food and energy,particularly the integration of energy and food policies,as well as between energy and water resource pol-icies.Moreover,it is crucial to enrich the types of policy instruments used in subsystem integration and optimize their utilization struc-ture,particularly focusing on incentive-based and learning-based instruments.Finally,for the coordinated promotion of policy integra-tion throughout the basin,it is important to expand communication platforms between provinces and cities,and prioritize the wide-spread implementation of diffusion and innovation integration relationships across the entire basin.