后续扶持政策赋能易地搬迁户脱贫质量:多维评估与提升策略

Post‑relocation support policies enhancing the quality of poverty alleviation:evaluation and optimization

提升脱贫质量是巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果同乡村振兴有效衔接的关键。易地扶贫搬迁是精准扶贫的代表性政策,后续扶持政策是防止搬迁户返贫的重要政策工具。因此,评估后续扶持政策的执行效果并探索其优化策略,有助于易地扶贫搬迁后续扶持阶段“精准施策”。基于陕西省易地扶贫搬迁户的1 253份调研数据,该研究首先从收入、生活、健康、教育和心理5个维度对搬迁户的脱贫质量进行了测度,随后评估了后续扶持政策对脱贫质量的提升效果,最后采用决策树算法探讨了后续扶持政策的优化策略。研究结果表明:(1)易地扶贫搬迁户之间的脱贫质量有差异,劳动力数量多和健康成员比例高的搬迁户脱贫质量较高。(2)不同后续扶持政策对脱贫质量的提升效果存在异质性。公益岗位和社区治理政策可以提升搬迁户的整体脱贫质量,产业帮扶政策可以提升搬迁户的收入质量,公益岗位、教育资助和社区治理政策可以提升搬迁户的心理质量。(3)部分后续扶持政策的执行中存在瞄准偏误现象,可基于搬迁户劳动力禀赋精准施策进而提升脱贫质量。因此,易地扶贫搬迁后续扶持期应当加强脱贫质量监测,着力提升后续扶持政策执行的精准性,防范化解返贫风险,促进搬迁群众在迁入地实现可持续发展。该研究构建了易地扶贫搬迁户脱贫质量的多维评估框架,也为易地扶贫搬迁后续扶持政策的持续优化提供了政策启示。

Improving the quality of poverty alleviation is the key to consolidating and expanding the effective connection between pov-erty alleviation and rural revitalization in China.The poverty alleviation relocation program is a representative policy for targeted pover-ty alleviation,and the post-relocation support policy is an important policy tool for preventing relocated households from returning to poverty.Therefore,assessing the implementation effect of the post-relocation support policies and exploring their optimization strategies are conducive to the tangeted implementation of such policies in the post-relocation support phase of the poverty alleviation relocation program.Based on the data of 1253 relocated households in Shaanxi Province,this study first measured the quality of poverty allevia-tion of relocated households from 5 dimensions:income,life,health,education,and psychological feelings,assessed the effect of the post-relocation support policies on the quality of poverty alleviation,and explored the optimization strategies of these policies by using the decision tree algorithm.The results of this study showed that:①There were slight differences in the quality of poverty alleviation among relocated households.Relocated households with more laborers and a high proportion of healthy members had a higher quality.②There was heterogeneity in the effect of different post-relocation support policies on the quality of poverty alleviation.Specifically,public welfare posts and community governance policies could significantly improve the overall quality of poverty alleviation,industrial support policies could significantly improve the income quality of poverty alleviation,and public welfare posts,education subsidies,and community governance policies could improve the quality of psychological feelings of the people participating in the poverty alleviation relocation program.③There was a targeting bias in the implementation of some post-relocation support policies,but the quality of pov-erty alleviation could be enhanced on the basis of the labor endowment of the relocated households through‘targeted implementation of policies.’Therefore,we should strengthen the monitoring of the quality of poverty alleviation during the follow-up support period of the poverty alleviation relocation program,strive to improve the results of the targeted implementation of post-relocation support policies,prevent and resolve the risk of returning to poverty,and promote the sustainable development of the relocated people in the relocation areas.This study has developed a multidimensional evaluation framework for assessing the quality of poverty alleviation for relocated households.Additionally,it offers valuable policy recommendations to enhance the effectiveness of the post-relocation support policies.