重思关于知觉显现的两种解释:基于时间性的分析

Rethinking Two Explanations of Perceptual Presence:An Analysis Based on Temporality

在关于知觉显现的诸多解释中,神经中心主义解释由于以相关的科学研究结果为基础而备受青睐。与此相比,感觉运动解释认为知觉显现的根源在于知觉主体掌握了关于如何能够达到不可见的对象部分或侧面的感觉运动知识;主体间性解释则认为知觉显现的发生预设了复多的其他主体的可能知觉。这两种解释抓住了理解知觉显现的关键因素,即与身体性和主体间性相关的可能知觉;根据现象学的时间概念进行的考察表明,它们对于理解知觉显现是相互补充的。在主观时间的意义上,知觉显现是在活的当下发生的现象,其所依赖的可能知觉无需借助神经表征来说明。对知觉显现问题的探究应当综合考虑身体性、主体间性和时间性等维度,而不应局限于与知觉显现有关的神经活动。

Among the many explanations of perceptual presence,neurocentric explanations are favoured because they are based on relevant scientific findings.In contrast,the sensorimotor explanation suggests that perceptual presence is rooted in the perceptual subject’s possession of sensorimotor knowledge about how to reach the invisible parts or sides of object,while the intersubjective explanation suggests that the occurrence of perceptual presence presupposes the possible perceptions of a plurality of other subjects.These two interpretations capture the key elements for understanding perceptual presence,namely the possible perceptions related to corporeality and intersubjectivity;an examination in light of the notion of temporality in phenomenology suggests that they are complementary to each other for understanding perceptual presence.In the sense of subjective time,perceptual presence is a phenomenon that occurs in the living present,and the possible perceptions on which it depends need not be accounted for by means of neural representations.The exploration of the problem of perceptual presence should comprehensively consider the dimensions of lived booly,intersubjectivity and temporality,and should not be limited to neural activity related to perceptual presence.