“根据”:一种解决说谎者悖论的新方案

“Ground”:A New Solution to the Liar Paradox

“根据”是近二十年形而上学研究中的一个重要概念,通常被定义为刻画了一个事物凭借另一个事物而成立。“凭借性”决定了“根据关系”中的两个事物在基础性和优先性上分属不同的层次,这本质上体现了一种特殊的分层思想。如果以塔尔斯基解决说谎者悖论的语言分层思想为借鉴,利用“根据”所体现的分层思想重新刻画塔尔斯基的(T)型等值式并进行推导,可以得到一种解决说谎者悖论的新方案,同时也可以给出一种对“真”概念的新理解。

The concept of“ground”plays a central role in metaphysical inquiry.It is generally acknowledged that ground characterizes an intuitive notion of one thing holding in virtue of another.The relata of the ground relations differ in their fundamentality and priority:what grounds is metaphysically prior to,and more fundamental than what is grounded.As a result,they would occupy two levels of the fundamentality hierarchy.This idea is similar to Tarski’s idea of defining“truth”through the theory of language hierarchy to resolve the liar’s paradox.Re-characterizing Tarski’s T-sentences by the hierarchical thought embodied in“ground”can also solve the liar paradox and provide a new understanding of the notion of truth.