北宋科技与政治的互动关系——以医政改革为例

The Interaction Relationship between Science and Technology and Politics in the Northern Song Dynasty——Focus on the Medical Administration Reform

北宋的医政改革主要涉及政令、人才与机构三个方面。首先,北宋长期坚持扬医抑巫的政策,表现出京师与地方同步、惩治与改造并举等特点。其次,北宋在明确医官阶衔、确定磨勘办法、分离医政与医学、研制教材与教具等方面完善了医药人才制度。最后,北宋革新了太医局、福田院、安济坊、官办药局等机构,推动了社会医疗水平的发展。不过,北宋医政仍存在贪腐成风、朝令夕改等问题,启示我们在改革医政时要兼顾现实性与前瞻性、延续性与针对性、原则性与灵活性。

The medical system reform in the Northern Song Dynasty mainly involved policy,personnel and institution.Firstly,the Northern Song Dynasty adhered to the policy of promoting medicine and suppressing witchcraft,demonstrating characteristics such as synchronization between the capital and local areas,and punishment coupled with reformation.Secondly,the Northern Song Dynasty perfected the medical personnel system by clarifying the medical doctor ranking,establishing the examination and review methods,separating medical administration from medical education,and developing teaching materials and aids.Thirdly,the Northern Song Dynasty reformed the institutions such as the imperial academy of medicine,Futian charity house,Anji Fang,and the government-run pharmacy,which promoted the development of the social medical level.However,the medical administration of the Northern Song Dynasty was still plagued by problems such as rampant corruption and frequent policy changes.This suggests us to take into account realistic and foresight,continuity and pertinence,principle and flexibility when reforming the medical administration.