《医心方》霍乱辨治特点探析

Exploring the Diagnosis and Treatment Rules of Cholera in the Formulary from the Heart of Medicine

丹波康赖《医心方》是自《伤寒论》首次记载霍乱辨治方药至宋以前的最全总结。笔者认为,《医心方》霍乱以吐利为主症,不具有传染性,病因为外感风寒和内伤饮食,证型分为脾胃失调证、阴虚内燥证和阳气欲脱证;治疗包括温中散寒、滋阴潜阳和回阳救逆等内治法,以及易于操作实施的外治、艾灸、暗示等疗法。《医心方》对霍乱病因病机的认识,辑录总结的诸多治法和方药,对现代临床治疗急性吐泻类疾病和传染病霍乱具有指导意义。

Tanba Yasuyori′s Formulary from the Heart of Medicine is the most comprehensive summary from the initial recording of cholera diagnosis and treatment in Treatise on Cold Damage up until before the Song Dynasty.The author believes that in Formulary from the Heart of Medicine,cholera is characterized primarily by vomiting and diarrhea,lacking contagiousness.The causes of the disease are attributed to external exposure to wind-cold and internal damage from diet.The syndromes are categorized into disharmony of the spleen and stomach,yin deficiency with internal dryness,and impending loss of yang qi.Treatments include warming the center to dispel cold,nourishing yin to regulate yang,and restoring yang to counteract collapse,among other internal therapies.Additionally,it includes external treatments,moxibustion,and suggestive therapies that are easy to implement.The understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of cholera in Formulary from the Heart of Medicine,along with the compilation and summarization of various therapeutic methods and prescriptions,holds guiding significance for modern clinical treatment of acute diarrhea diseases and the infectious disease cholera.