消解收入极化与促进共同富裕

Alleviating income polarization and promoting common prosperity

共同富裕是社会主义的本质要求,是中国式现代化的重要特征。为了研究如何制度性消解收入极化的问题,进而促进共同富裕,构建了收入极化“形成-扩大-固化”和中国“消解收入极化”的理论机制,测度了中国居民收入极化水平的变动趋势,并对收入极化及其消解的理论机制进行了实证检验。研究发现,2012—2020年中国居民收入极化水平呈“降-升-降”的变动趋势;家庭禀赋、社会环境是收入极化形成的主要因素;家庭优势积累、地区发展差异导致的马太效应使收入极化出现动态扩大的趋势;收入两端的居民流动性差异则成为收入极化固化的潜在机制。研究表明,中国具有消解收入极化的独特制度优势,再分配和第三次分配均对居民市场收入的极化水平起到了显著调节作用,脱贫攻坚战则提高了贫困居民收入增长速度,畅通了向上流动通道;中国应该发挥社会主义制度优势,通过优化收入分配格局、缩小地区和城乡收入差距以及健全收入调节机制等消解收入极化问题,进而促进全体人民共同富裕。

Common prosperity is an essential requirement of socialism and a key feature of the Chinese path to modernization.To explore how to institutionally alleviate income polarization and promote common prosperity,this study constructs the theoretical mechanisms of the“formation-expansion-solidification”of income polarization and China's approach to“alleviating income polarization”.It measures the changing trend of income polarization levels among Chinese residents and empirically tests the theoretical mechanisms of income polarization and its alleviation.The study finds that from 2012 to 2020,income polarization among Chinese residents exhibited a“downward-upward-downward”trend.Family endowment and social environment were identified as the main factors contributing to the formation of income polarization.The Matthew effect,driven by the accumulation of family advantages and regional development disparities,led to the dynamic expansion of income polarization.Differences in residents'mobility at both ends of the income spectrum became a potential mechanism for the solidification of income polarization.The research demonstrates that China has unique institutional advantages in alleviating income polarization.Both redistribution and the third distribution have played significant regulatory roles in addressing residents'market income polarization.The tough battle against poverty has increased the income growth rate of residents in poverty and improved upward mobility.To promote common prosperity for all,China should leverage the advantages of the socialist system,alleviate income polarization by optimizing the income distribution structure,narrowing the regional and urban-rural income gap,and improving the income adjustment mechanism.