中国数字鸿沟评价指标体系的构建及其测度

Construction and measurement of China's digital divide evaluation index system

数字经济高速发展的同时,数字鸿沟渗透在产业发展、群众生活、金融服务、基础设施建设等方面,造成了一定程度的产业发展不平衡、贫富差距、信息不对称等问题。从区域、城乡、产业、企业方面提出了数字鸿沟分析基本框架,构建中国数字鸿沟评价的指标体系,采用熵值法为二级指标赋权,计算中国2017—2022年期间数字鸿沟指数。研究发现,近5年来数字鸿沟呈现扩张趋势,其中2017—2020年中国数字鸿沟的增长速度上升,2021年增速下滑,2022年则再次上升;分维度看,中国区域、产业数字鸿沟呈现扩大趋势,城乡数字鸿沟则逐渐弥合,企业维度的数字鸿沟呈现波动的趋势。研究表明,进行数字鸿沟治理,需要加强数字经济相关基础设施建设,深入实施“东数西算”工程;建立数字技术创新平台,发展电子商务与电子政务服务进行信息技术的推广;统筹各区域数字经济的协调发展、因地制宜,加强区域合作,畅通人才在区域间的就业渠道;建立数字化创新技术的政策激励制度,鼓励合适的产业与企业进行数字化转型;建立健全的政府、企业与社会合作机制,促进数字红利的均匀分配;建立数字技术使用的反馈机制,加强数字信息技术的普及工作,采取更加多元有效的措施缩小数字鸿沟。

As the digital economy advances rapidly,the digital divide has seeped into various aspects of China's industrial development,financial services,and infrastructure construction,leading to a noticeable wealth gap,disparities in industrial growth,and information inequalities.This study proposes a fundamental framework for analyzing the digital divide,focusing on regional disparities,urban-rural divides,industry discrepancies,and enterprise-level differences.An index system for evaluating China's digital divide is formulated,utilizing the entropy method to weigh secondary indicators and calculate China's digital divide index from 2017 to 2022.Findings reveal a widening digital gap over the past five years.The growth rate of China's digital divide steadily increased from 2017 to 2020,experienced a slight decline in 2021,and increased again in 2022.Across different dimensions,regional and industrial disparities in the digital realm are expanding,while the urban-rural gap is gradually narrowing,and digital divisions among enterprises fluctuate.Governing the digital divide necessitates bolstering digital infrastructure construction and implementing the strategy of“channeling more computing resources from the eastern areas to the less developed western regions”in depth.It also involves establishing digital technology innovation platforms,fostering e-commerce and e-government services to enhance IT utilization,and fostering coordinated digital economic development across regions while adapting strategies to local conditions,fostering regional cooperation,and facilitating talent mobility between regions.Moreover,instituting a policy framework incentivizing digital innovation,encouraging digital transformation in relevant industries and enterprises,and establishing robust government,enterprise,and societal collaboration mechanisms are imperative to ensure equitable distribution of digital benefits.Establishing a feedback mechanism for digital technology usage,enhancing digital literacy,and employing diverse and effective strategies are also crucial for narrowing the digital divide.