企业破产视域下生态环境损害赔偿利益实现路径探究

Exploration of the Realization Path of Ecological Environment Damage Compensation Benefits From the Perspective of Enterprise Bankruptcy

生态环境损害赔偿利益的实现取决于责任主体的实际履行能力,有必要从企业破产角度审视生态环境损害赔偿利益的实现路径。现行破产法清偿顺位下,作为公益债权的生态环境损害赔偿之债不仅不具备优先性,反而应归入劣后债权,这就意味着企业一旦破产,环境保护利益将会落空。为此,文章认为应贯彻环境保护与经济发展相协调的理念,在整个环境诉讼过程中充分运用磋商机制,针对企业困境程度采取差异化司法处置措施,并适度提高生态环境损害赔偿债权在破产中的清偿顺位,全面实施环境侵权责任强制保险制度,探索在破产管理人协会层面建立破产企业环境保护基金制度。

The realization of ecological environment damages compensation depends on the actual performance capacity of the liability subject,so it is necessary to examine the realization path of ecological environmental damage from the perspective of enterprise bankruptcy.Under the current bankruptcy law's liquidation sequence,as a public interest claim,the ecological environment damage claims not only lack priority,but also should be classified as inferior claims,which means that once the enterprise goes bankrupt,the interests of environmental protection will be lost.Therefore,the article proposes to implement the concept of coordinating environmental protection with economic development,make full use of the consultation mechanism throughout the environmental litigation process,adopt differentiated judicial disposal measures according to the enterprise distress degree,and moderately increase the liquidation sequence of the ecological environment damage claim in bankruptcy.The article suggests fully implementing the compulsory insurance system for environmental tort liability,and exploring the establishment of the system for environmental protection fund system for bankrupt enterprises at the level of the bankruptcy administrators association.