山地光伏不同方位角总图布置方案优化分析

Analysis for Optimization of General Layout Schemes for Photovoltaics at Different Azimuth Angles in Mountainous Areas

山地光伏存在建设场地环境复杂、施工条件差、设计难度大等难点,制约了建设与发展。以陕南某山地光伏项目为例,分析最大方位角区间与安装容量、年均等效峰值利用小时数、年均发电量、单位造价、收益率、度电成本等因素之间的关系,得出各因素最佳的方位角区间。将安装容量、25年均等效峰值利用小时数、单位造价3个相互独立的因素进行数据归一化处理,按照重要程度对其进行排序并分配权重,根据归一化后的各项数据乘以相应权重得到综合指数,利用综合指数得出最佳的方位角区间为[-50°,+50°]。在此方位角区间内可以最大限度地利用土地,保证安装容量,同时兼顾年均发电量、收益率、造价等,达到综合最优的山地光伏总图布置方案,更好地发挥山地光伏的经济效益。

Photovoltaics in mountainous areas face challenges such as complex environment in construction site,poor construction conditions,and difficult design,which have restricted their construction and develop⁃ment.Taking a photovoltaic project in the mountainous area of southern Shaanxi as an example,the optimal azimuth range for each factor is determined by analyzing the relationship between the maximum azimuth range and factors such as installation capacity,average annual equivalent peak utilization hours,average annu⁃al power generation,unit cost,rate of return,and cost per kilowatt hour.In addition,three independent fac⁃tors,namely installation capacity,25-year average equivalent peak utilization hours,and unit cost,are normal⁃ized,ranked according to their importance and assigned with weights.Through multiplying the normalized da⁃ta by the corresponding weights,the comprehensive index is obtained.Using the comprehensive index,the op⁃timal azimuth range is determined to be[-50°,+50°].Within this azimuth range,the land can be used to the maximum extent,the installation capacity can be guaranteed,and the average annual power generation,yield,cost and other factors can be taken into account to obtain a"comprehensive optimal"general layout scheme for photovoltaics in a mountainous area and better leverage the economic benefits of photovoltaics in mountainous areas.