大地湾类型定居发展过程研究

The Development Process of the Dadiwan-Type Settlement

从区域资源开发程度看,农业与定居有较强同质性,大地湾类型定居的发展反映其向农业发展的过程。大地湾类型绝对年代为BC6000—BC4800年,大致可分为两期四段。结合大地湾类型的环境背景与社会背景观察,其向定居发展在分布范围、遗址数量、动植物利用资源偏向和资源利用程度等方面均有所变化,并集中表现在聚落形态上:1段时最早出现在陇东地区并设立营地;2段时向周边区域和关中地区流动;3段时被迫迁入关中地区,并因不了解关中地区内所需资源分布而大幅提高流动性;4段时在充分了解所需资源分布基础上,“大部队”在极低甚至定居情况下规划永久性营地,并形成以白家村为主营地,北刘为重要营地,紫荆为获取石料营地,以及元君庙和零口村为临时营地的聚落形态。

From the perspective of regional resource exploitation,agriculture and settlement have strong homogeneity.The settlement of Dadiwan type reflects the process of its development to agriculture.The absolute age of the Dadiwan type is 6000BC-4800BC years,which can be roughly divided into two periods and four stages.Combined with the observation of environmental and social background of the Dadiwan type,its development towards settlement had changes in the distribution range,the number of sites,the preference of plants and animals as resources,and the degree of resource exploitation.In particular,the changes are mainly manifested in the form of settlements:In Stage 1 the settlement appeared in the eastern region of Longdong and camps were set up;In Stage 2 people moved to the surrounding area and Guanzhong area;In Stage 3,people were forced to move to Guanzhong area,and their mobility was greatly increased because they did not understand the distribution of resources needed in Guanzhong area;In Stage 4,on the basis of fully understanding the distribution of required resources,the large troops planned permanent camps under extremely low or even settled conditions,and formed a settlement pattern with Baijia village as the main camp,Beiliu as the important camp,Zijing as the stone harvesting camp,and Yuanjun temple and Lingkou village as the temporary camp.