爆炸场强电磁辐射测试系统设计

Design of High Intensity Electromagnetic Radiation Measurement System in Explosive Field

针对高能战斗部爆炸电磁辐射信号频段宽、变化幅度大、持续时间长、测试条件复杂等特点,设计基于混频天线的爆炸场强电磁辐射测试系统.设计4种测试天线:短波天线(1.5~30 MHz)、超宽带天线(30~1000 MHz)、微带天线(5.9~6.0 GHz、8.4~8.5 GHz),通过优化天线结构、增加匹配电路提高测试效能,能够覆盖军械装备所有电磁敏感频段.采用模块化思路设计具有合路器、放大器、限幅器、滤波器等功能的信号调理器,放大器模块采取“固定增益放大器+步进式衰减器”结构,不仅实现全频段0~30 dB调节,同时将调节系统精度提升至0.5dB,限幅器模块将采样信号功率限制在数采仪器最大承受功率的65%以下,极大提高测试系统对爆炸场强电磁信号的适应能力.通过采取混频段天线合路、高精度系数调节、多功能信号调理等技术手段,使测试系统满足高能战斗部爆炸电磁辐射测试试验所有指标.

Aiming at the characteristics of the explosive electromagnetic radiation signal of high-energy warhead,such as wide frequency band,large change amplitude,long duration and complex measurement conditions,a measurement system of explosive electromagnetic radiation based on mixing antenna is designed.Four kinds of measuring antennas are designed:short-wave antenna(1.5~30 MHz),ultra-wideband antenna(30~1 000MHz),microstrip antenna(5.9~6.0 GHz,8.4~8.5 GHz).By optimizing the antenna structure and adding matching circuits,the measurement efficiency is improved,which can cover all electromagnetic sensitive frequency bands of ordnance equipment.The signal conditioner with many functions is designed by adopting a modular approach,which includes combiner,amplifier,limiter and filter.The amplifier module adopts the structure of "fixed gain amplifier &step attenuator",which not only realizes the adjustment of 0~30 dB in the full frequency band,but also improves the accuracy of the adjustment system to 0.5 dB.The limiter module limits the sampling signal power to less than 65% of the maximum withstand power of the data acquisition instrument,which improves the adaptability of the measurement system to the electromagnetic signal of explosion field strength.The measurement system can meet all the indexes of high-energy warhead explosion electromagnetic radiation measurement by adopting such technical means as mixed-band antenna combination,high-precision coefficient adjustment,and multi-function signal conditioning.