中国大陆时变重力观测:技术探索、挑战与应用展望

Time-Varying Gravity in Chinese Mainland: Technological Exploration,Challenges, and Prospects for Applications

近年来,陆地高精度时变重力观测技术迅猛发展,除了以量子重力仪为代表的绝对重力装备不断实用化,中国大陆重力观测网络的布局也日趋完善。目前,中国大陆主要活动构造区已经建成优于百km尺度分辨率能力的μGal级时变重力场观测网络。本文从中国大陆时变重力观测技术方法的角度,首先介绍陆地时变重力观测系统、仪器分类以及中国大陆高精度重力观测系统的建设发展、存在问题及优化建议;其次,介绍时变重力技术方法与模型产品以及应用进展;最后,围绕中国大陆时变重力数据产品和应用中的问题,提出面向中国地震科学实验场和深地科学问题的下一代陆地重力观测系统设计布局设想。作为国家地球物理监测网络的重要组成部分,陆地时变重力观测能够提供高精度的时变重力模型产品,为深入探索地壳深部动力学机制、地球物理导航和国防建设提供重要的数据支撑。

In recent years,high-precision time-varying gravity observation technology on land has developed rapidly.In addition to the continuous improvement of absolute gravity equipment such as quantum gravimeters,the layout of gravity observation network in Chinese mainland has also become increasingly perfect.A microgal-level time-varying gravity field observation network with a resolution better than 100 km has been built in the main active tectonic regions within Chinese mainland.This paper begins with the technology and method of terrestrial time-varying gravity observation.We first introduce the concept of land time-varying gravity observation,the classification of gravity instruments,and the construction and development of the high-precision gravity observation system in Chinese mainland,as well as the problems and optimization suggestions for this system.Then,we introduce the time-varying gravity technology methods and model products,and their applications in various fields.Finally,we discuss issues related to the data products and applications of land time-varying gravity and propose a design and layout plan for the next-generation land gravity observation system that aims to address the scientific questions of the China seismic experiment site and deep earth science.As a crucial part of the national geophysical monitoring network,terrestrial time-varying gravity observation generates high-precision model products that can not only aid in the study of deep crustal dynamics but also provide crucial data support for geophysical navigation and national defense.