基于积尘走航监测的宜宾市道路扬尘排放特征及防治措施研究

Study on Characteristics and Control Measures of Road Dust Emission in Yibin Based on Mobile Monitoring of Dust Deposition

为研究宜宾市不同类型道路的积尘分布和扬尘排放特征,采用光散射法道路积尘负荷监测设备测试宜宾市不同区域、不同类别的道路积尘负荷,基于排放因子法估算全市道路扬尘的排放量,并根据道路扬尘排放特征提出宜宾市道路扬尘防治对策.结果表明:(1)宜宾市公路保洁效果交叉,其积尘负荷达到2.21g/m^(2),明显大于城市道路的1.03g/m^(2),其中城市道路积尘负荷表现为快速路(0.43g/m^(2))<主干道(0.74g/m^(2))<次干道(1.04g/m^(2))<支路(1.90g/m^(2)),公路积尘负荷表现为高速公路(0.98g/m^(2))<二级公路(1.09g/m^(2))<三级公路(2.01g/m^(2))<四级公路(4.75g/m^(2));(2)本次监测所有道路积尘负荷水平以较差和差为主,中心城区优、良道路占比仅为25%;(3)2023年宜宾市道路扬尘PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)排放量分别为2.26万t和0.53万t,高速公路和四级道路对全市道路扬尘的贡献较大,平均分别约为20.9%和20.4%;(4)宜宾市道路扬尘防治应当抓住“重点区域”,通过强化源头控制、加大道路保洁频次等措施降低道路扬尘排放。研究认为:宜宾市道路扬尘排放对环境空气质量影响较大,应当对高速公路、四级公路等进一步加强管控。

To study the distribution and emission characteristics of road dust on different road types in Yibin,the road dust load monitoring equipment based on the method of light scattering was used to test the road dust load of different regions and road types in Yibin.The road dust emission volume in Yibin was estimated based on the emission factor method,and the road dust pollution control countermeasures were proposed according to the emission characteristics of road dust.The results showed that:(1) The road cleaning effect in Yibin was uneven,with a dust load of 2.21 g/m^(2),which was significantly higher than that of urban roads(1.03 g/m^(2));the dust load of urban roads was as follows:expressway(0.43 g/m^(2)) < main road(0.74 g/m^(2)) < secondary road(1.04 g/m^(2)) < branch road(1.90 g/m^(2));the dust load of highways was as follows:expressway(0.98 g/m^(2)) < secondary highway(1.09 g/m^(2)) < third-level highway(2.01 g/m^(2)) < fourth-level highway(4.75 g/m^(2));(2) most of the road dust load levels monitored were low or very low,with only 25% good and excellent roads in the central urban area;(3) the PM_(10) and PM_(2.5) emissions in Yibin in 2023 were 22 600 t and 5 300 t,respectively;the highways and fourth-level roads contributed more to the road dust emissions in Yibin,with an average of about 20.9% and 20.4%,respectively;and(4) the road dust pollution control in Yibin should focus on “key areas” and reduction of road dust emissions through strengthening the control of the source and increasing the frequency of road cleaning.The study suggests that road dust emissions in Yibin have a significant impact on the ambient air quality and further control measures should be taken for highways and rural roads.