2023年北京沙尘天气视程障碍现象仪观测分析

Observation and analysis of visual disturbance phenomenon instrument for sand and dust weather in Beijing in 2023

文章使用北京20个国家气象站的地面气象观测资料,综合比对了2023年3月三次沙尘天气过程气溶胶质量浓度观测数据,分析了新部署的视程障碍现象仪的设备稳定性、与原大气成分观测设备的观测差异,以及地理位置邻近站点间的数据一致性。结果表明:除个别站点设备气泵损坏或通信不稳外,其余各站设备都获取到了完整连续的质量浓度观测数据,设备运行稳定性较好;同过程设备观测数据对比,地理位置邻近但海拔或站址周边环境差异大的站点,质量浓度峰值相差较大,地理位置邻近或海拔差异小的站点极值相近、波动相似;同址原大气成分设备与视程障碍现象仪观测数据对比,在沙尘过境前,两设备PM_(10)观测值接近或原大气成分设备略偏高。在沙尘过境时段,原大气成分设备数据明显高于视程障碍现象仪数据,极值偏高2~10倍,在沙尘持续及后续一段时间,原大气成分站数据保持在较高值,回落较慢,在沙尘过境整个时段,原大气成分设备PM_(2.5)观测值均高于视程障碍现象仪,极值偏高1~10倍。

The article uses ground meteorological observation data from^(2)0 national meteorological stations in Beijing to comprehensively compare the aerosol mass concentration observation data of three sand and dust weather processes in March 2023.It analyzes the equipment stability of the newly deployed visual disturbance phenomenon instrument,the observation differences with the original atmospheric composition observation equipment,and the data consistency between adjacent stations in geographical locations.The results show that,except for a few station equipments with damaged air pumps or unstable communication,all other station equipments have obtained complete and continuous mass concentration observation data,and the equipment operational stability is good.Comparing the measurment data of equipment in the same process,stations with close geographical locations but with significant differences in altitude or surrounding environment have significantly different peak mass concentrations,while stations with close geographical locations or small differences in altitude have similar extreme values and fluctuations.Comparing the observation data of the original atmospheric composition equipment at the same site with the visual disturbance phenomenon instrument,before the sand and dust transit,the PM_(10) observation values of the two equipment were close or slightly higher than the original atmospheric composition equipment.During the sand and dust transit,the original atmospheric composition equipment data was significantly higher than the visual disturbance phenomeon instrument data,with the extreme value being about 2-10 times higher.During the duration of sand and dust and subsequent periods,the original atmospheric composition station data remained at a higher value,with a slower decline.Throughout the passage of sand and dust,the PM_(2.5) observation values of the original atmospheric composition equipment were all higher than the visual range disorder instrument,with the extreme value being about 1-10 times higher.