2022年6月通辽市强冰雹灾害天气分析

Analysis of strong hail disaster weather in Tongliao City in June 2022

为了提高通辽大范围强冰雹天气的短时监测能力和预报预警准确率,文章利用常规观测资料、地面加密资料、FY-4卫星云图、多普勒天气雷达资料等,对2022-06-20通辽市强冰雹灾害天气过程进行了环流背景、层结条件和雷达回波特征的分析。结果表明:上层干冷、下层暖湿的不稳定层结,较大的对流有效位能、较小的抑制对流有效位能、适宜的融化层高度及强垂直风切变均是通辽强冰雹发生的有利条件;回波垂直结构具有较高的回波质心、三体散射、低层入流、弱回波区与回波垂悬结构特征,并呈现低层辐合、高层辐散的结构,有较强的上升气流;冰雹回波发展时的垂直累积液态含水量及最大基本反射率均维持在较高值可作为冰雹天气发生的判断依据。研究结果为通辽地区冰雹天气的监测预警技术提供了分析依据。

In order to improve the short-term monitoring capability and accuracy of forecasting and early warning of large-scale severe hail weather in Tongliao,this article uses conventional observation data,ground encrypted data,FY-4 satellite cloud images,Doppler weather radar data,etc.to analyze the circulation background,stratification conditions,and radar echo characteristics of the severe hail disaster weather process in Tongliao City on June 20,2022.The results show that the unstable stratification of dry and cold upper layer and warm and wet lower layer,larger convective effective potential energy,smaller inhibitory convective effective potential energy,suitable melting layer height,and strong vertical wind shear are all favorable conditions for the occurrence of severe hail in Tongliao.The vertical structure of the echo has characteristics of high echo centroid,three-body scatter spike,low-level inflow,weak echo zone,and echo hanging structure,and presents a structure of low-level convergence and high-level divergence,with strong upward airflow.The vertical accumulated liquid water content and maximum basic reflectivity during the development of hail echoes are maintained at high values,which can be used as a basis for judging the occurrence of hail weather.The research results provide an analytical basis for the monitoring and early warning technology of hail weather in the Tongliao area.