鄂东白莲河湿地生态地质环境质量评价

Evaluation of eco-geological environment quality ofBailianhe wetland in eastern Hubei Province

白莲河湿地位于大别山生态功能区,是华中地区重要的生态屏障。近几十年来,该湿地受人类活动影响的程度不断加剧,迫切需要对其生态地质环境质量现状进行全面评估。对白莲河湿地的生态地质环境条件及主要问题进行综合分析,基于遥感解译和白莲河水库及入库支流地表水、环库土壤取样测试结果,选取地质环境、生态环境、社会环境等3个一级指标和15个次级指标,建立白莲河湿地生态地质环境质量评价指标体系,利用ArcGIS空间分析技术和层次分析法,对其进行质量评价。结果表明,研究区可划分为质量良好区、较好区、中等区和较差区4个等级区,其面积占比分别为45.63%、26.94%、21.52%、5.91%;生态地质环境问题主要分布在白莲河水库库首东河及西河、库东瓦寺前河及如意河、库尾大坝及第一溢洪道沿岸区域;污染源、地表水环境质量、滩涂湿地演变、地貌类型、地质构造是影响白莲河湿地生态地质环境质量的主要因素。研究成果可以为白莲河湿地恢复与保护、资源的合理利用、自然保护区的建设等提供地质依据。

The Bailianhe wetland is located in the Dabie Mountains ecological function area,which is an important ecological barrier in Central China.In recent decades,the impact of human activities is becoming more and more serious,so it is urgent to evaluate its eco-geological environment quality.The ecological geological environment conditions and main problems of Bailian River wetland were comprehensively analyzed.Based on the remote sensing interpretation and the results of surface water and soil sampling test of Bailian River reservoir and its tributaries,three first-level indexes and 15 secondary indexes of geological environment,ecological environment and social environment were selected to establish the evaluation index system of ecological geological environment quality of Bailian River wetland.The quality evaluation was carried out by using ArcGIS spatial analysis technology and analytic hierarchy process.The results show that the study area can be divided into four grades:good quality area,good area,medium area and poor area,with an area ratio of 45.63%,26.94%,21.52% and 5.91% respectively.The eco-geological environment problems of Bailianhe wetland are mainly distributed in the east of Bailianhe Reservoir,the West River and the banks of Wasiqian River and Ruyi River in Nanhe town.The evolution of pollution sources,surface water environment quality,tidal flat wetland,landform type and geological structure are the main factors affecting the ecological and geological environment quality of Bailianhe wetland.The research results can provide geological basis for the restoration and protection of Bailianhe wetland,the rational utilization of resources and the construction of nature reserves.