《著作权法》作品类型兜底条款的解释论完善

Interpretive Refinement of the Work Type Underwriting Clause in the Copyright Law

《著作权法》对于作品类型采用了开放式的设计,但缺乏配套法规则不可避免地导致著作权保护范围的不当扩张、向一般条款逃避及如何具体适用等问题,配套法规的及时跟进成为兜底条款得以有效适用的紧迫前提。通过采用形式解释和实质解释结合的方式对开放式作品类型条款的条文、目的、渊源及演变进行分析,建议在《著作权法实施条例》修改中对“其他智力成果”进行界定并采用以“符合作品特征的其他智力成果,是指符合作品特征但依靠其主要表现形式不能认定为本条前8项作品类型的作品”的表述。以进一步明确判断作品类型的分类标准及前8类作品类型优先适用的原则,防止符合多种作品类型特征的智力成果流向兜底条款,有效界分兜底条款与前8类作品类型在调整范围上的边界及与其他法律法规的适用的边界,为开放式作品类型条款的适用提供具体化路径。

The Copyright Law adopts an open-ended design for the type of works,but the lack of supporting regulations inevitably leads to the problems of inappropriate expansion of the scope of copyright protection,evasion to general provisions and application dilemma to specific cases.The timely follow-up of supporting regulations becomes an urgent prerequisite for the effective application of the underwriting provisions.By analyzing the provisions,purposes,origins and evolution of the open-ended work type clause through a combination of formal and substantive interpretations,it is suggested that“other intellectual achievements”be defined in the amendment of the Implementing Regulations of the Copyright Law and adopted as“other intellectual achievements that conform to the characteristics of a work,meaning works that meet the characteristics of works but cannot be recognized as the first eight type of works in this Article by virtue of their main forms of expression”.This may help to further clarify the classification criteria for judging the type of works and the principle of priority application of the first eight types of works,to prevent the intellectual achievements meeting the characteristics of various types of works from flowing to the underwriting clause,to effectively delineate the boundary between the underwriting clause and the first eight types of works in terms of the scope of adjustment and the boundary of coherence with other laws and regulations,and to provide a concrete path for the application of the open type of works clause.