全植物蛋白饲料的营养及非营养性优化对大口黑鲈肌肉营养成分及质构特性的影响

OPTIMIZING FULL PLANT PROTEIN FEED THROUGH NUTRITIONAL AND UN-NUTRITIONAL METHODS ON THE COMPOSITIONS AND TEXTURE PROPERTIES OF LARGEMOUTH BASS MICROPTERUS SALMOIDES MUSCLE

实验研究了全植物蛋白饲料的营养及非营业性优化对大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)肌肉营养成分和质构特性的影响。共设计了9种实验饲料,分别为鱼粉对照组(FFH)、全植物蛋白组(PFH)、软化组(PFS)、二甲基-β-丙酸噻亭(DMPT)组(PFD)、牛磺酸组(PFT)、胆固醇鱼油组(PFC)、豆油组(PSH)、胆固醇豆油组(PSC)及综合组(PFA)。在室内循环水系统中对初始均重为(78.1±6.60) g的大口黑鲈进行了为期50d的饲喂。结果显示:PFH组肌肉脂肪含量显著高于FFH组,而肌肉硬度、黏附性、弹性、胶黏性和咀嚼性则显著低于FFH组。在PFD、PFT、PFC、PFA和PSH组等采用营养性优化组别的肌肉脂肪含量显著低于PFH组。相较PFH组, PFD组肌肉黏附性、胶黏性和咀嚼性显著升高, PFT组肌肉硬度和胶黏性显著升高, PFC和PFA组肌肉硬度、胶黏性和咀嚼性显著升高, PSH组肌肉硬度、弹性、胶黏性和咀嚼性显著升高。而在采用非营养性优化方面,相比于PFH组, PFS组肌肉硬度、黏附性、胶黏性和咀嚼性显著升高。与PSH组相比, PSC组肌肉弹性显著降低。相关性分析结果表明,肌肉硬度、黏附性、胶黏性和咀嚼性与脂肪含量呈负相关关系;肌肉硬度与弹性、胶黏性及咀嚼性呈正相关关系,弹性与胶黏性和咀嚼性呈正相关关系,胶黏性与咀嚼性呈正相关关系。上述结果表明,在全植物蛋白饲料中添加诱食剂(DMPT)、牛磺酸、胆固醇及以豆油替代鱼油等策略可部分改善因全植物蛋白摄入引起的大口黑鲈肌肉品质下降问题。实验结果可为全植物蛋白在水产养殖中的应用和大口黑鲈养殖产业的可持续发展提供参考依据。

The effects of optimizing full plant protein feed through nutritional and non-nutritional methods on the compositions and texture properties of largemouth bass muscle were investigated.Nine extruded experimental feeds were formulated,including a fish meal control feed(FFH),full plant protein feed(PFH),softened feed(PFS),DMPT supplemented feed(PFD),taurine supplemented feed(PFT),cholesterol&fish oil feed(PFC),soybean oil feed(PSH),cholesterol&soybean oil feed(PSC),and comprehensive feed(PFA).Twenty-seven tanks of largemouth bass with an initial body weight of(78.1±0.06)g were fed for 50d in an indoor recirculating aquaculture system(RAS).The results indicated that crude fat content in the dorsal muscle of fish from the PFH group was significantly higher than that of the FFH group,while muscle hardness,adhesiveness,springiness,gumminess,and chewiness of fish from the PFH group were significantly lower than those in the FFH group.The muscle crude fat content of fish in the nutrient-optimized groups(PFD,PFT,PFC,PFA,and PSH)were significantly lower than that in the PFH group.Muscle adhesiveness,gumminess,and chewiness were significantly increased in the PFD group;muscle hardness and gumminess were significantly increased in the PFT group;muscle hardness,gumminess,and chewiness were significantly increased in the PFC and PFA groups;and muscle hardness,springiness,gumminess,and chewiness were significantly increased in the PSH group.Regarding the non-nutritional way,compared to the PFH group,muscle hardness,adhesiveness,gumminess,and chewiness were significantly increased in the PFS group.Compared to the PSH group,muscle springi-ness in the PSC group was significantly reduced.Correlation analysis showed that muscle hardness,adhesiveness,gumminess,and chewiness had a significantly negative correlation with muscle fat content.Muscle hardness showed a significantly positive correlation with adhesiveness,gumminess,and chewiness.Muscle springiness showed a signifi-cantly positive correlation with gumminess and chewiness,and muscle gumminess showed a significantly positive correlation with chewiness.These results indicate that optimizing full plant protein feed nutritionally with dietary supplements of DMPT,taurine,cholesterol,or by substituting soybean oil for fish oil,can partially improve the muscle quality of largemouth bass,which may have been impaired by the intake of full plant protein feed previously.The results of the present experiment could potentially benefit the wide application of full plant protein feed and promote the sustainable development of largemouth bass farming.