河北省手足口疾病流行病学特征及病原学分析

Epidemiological characteristics and pathogenic analysis of hand,foot,and mouth disease in Hebei province

目的探讨河北省儿童医院手足口疾病(HFMD)的流行病学特征及病原体分布,为手足口疾病的防治提供依据。方法收集2016—2023年采用咽拭子方法确诊的HFMD患儿1698例,利用荧光定量PCR检测HFMD的具体分型。按照患儿检出手足口疾病的年份、季节、年龄、性别、肠道病毒类型进行统计学分析。结果收治的HFMD患儿中男女比例为1.72∶1。其中夏季发病率最高,共计778例,占比45.8%;秋季发病次之,合计614例,占比36.2%。发病率最高的年龄段为1~3岁,共计1032例,占比60.8%;发病率最低的为>6岁共计38例,占比2.2%;肠道病毒检出最高的为除肠道病毒71型(EV71)、柯萨奇病毒A组16型(CA16)外的其他型病毒(EVU)共计988例,占比58.2%。结论2016年至2023年河北省儿童医院检测的HFMD主要是其他类型的肠道病毒,以1~3岁幼儿期儿童为主。夏季、秋季为主要流行季节,应及时适当的防控,加强宣传,落实防控政策。

Objective To identify epidemiological characteristics and pathogen distribution of hand,foot,and mouth disease(HFMD)in Hebei Children′s Hospital in order to support prevention and treatment of HFMD.Methods A total of 1698 cases throat swab samples from children diagnosed as HFMD from 2016 to 2023 were collected.Real-time PCR was used to detect the specific classification of HFMD.Statistical analysis was performed according to the year,season,age,and sex and enterovirus type of HFMD in the children.Results From 2016 to 2023,the ratio of male to female patients among the 1698 children admitted to Hebei Children′s Hospital was 1.72∶1.Among them,the highest incidence rate in summer was 778 cases,accounting for 45.8%of all cases,followed by autumn,with a total of 614 cases,accounting for 36.2%of cases.The highest incidence was recorded in age group of 1-3 years,with a total of 1032 cases(60.8%).The lowest incidence was 38 cases in age group>6 years old(2.2%);There were 988 cases of HFM(58.2%)caused by different strains of enterovirus undefined(EVU)except enterovirus 71(EV71)and coxsackievirus A16(CA16).Conclusions HFMD found in Hebei Children′s Hospital from 2016 to 2023 are mainly caused by enteroviruses except EV 71 and coxsackievirus A16.High morbidity is found in children aged 1-3 years,and summer and autumn are the main epidemic seasons.This result may facilitate and support decision making and strategy development in disease prevention and control as well as to strengthen public health resources.