基于无人机航测的自然崩落法采矿地表塌陷规律研究

Study on Surface Subsidence Regularity of Block Caving Mining Method Based on UAV Aerial Survey

自然崩落采矿法会造成一定范围的地表塌陷,是矿山的重大安全隐患。无人机航测在大面积复杂地表监测方面具有安全性好、作业流程简单及精度高的优点,是地表塌陷监测和三维建模的优选技术手段。针对国内最大的自然崩落法矿山,运用无人机航测对该矿山自然崩落法开采诱发的地表塌陷进行非接触监测,开发了无人机航测技术流程,提出了基于无人机航测的地表塌陷三维建模方法,以及三维建模精度分析方法。通过构建三维模型,进行地表塌陷影响区范围分析和塌陷影响区剖面数据分析以及地表塌陷理论分析,研究该矿山2022年3月至2023年3月塌陷区的变化,得到塌陷区变化特点和规律;采用概率积分法对地表塌陷规律进行预测,得出该矿山地表塌陷概率积分法预测值与实测值之间的误差小于0.18 m。研究结果可为该矿山地表治理和泥石流防治提供依据。

The block caving method is known to result in a specific range of surface subsidence,which is a major safety risk in mining operations.UAV aerial survey technology offers numerous advantages,including enhanced safety,simple operation process and high precision in monitoring large and complex surface areas.Therefore,this study concentrates on the largest block caving mine in China,employing UAV aerial survey techniques to remotely monitor surface subsidence caused by block caving mining methods.The development of UAV aerial survey technology has led to the proposal of a 3D modeling method for surface subsidence based on UAV aerial survey.An accuracy analysis method for the 3D modeling process was also presented.By constructing 3D models,analyzing the extent of surface subsidence affected areas,examining profile data of subsidence affected areas,and conducting theoretical analysis,this study investigates changes in the subsidence area of the mine from March 2022 to March 2023.Based on an analysis of the subsidence range and orebody profile within the vein,as well as predictions of surface subsidence using the probability integral method(PIM),it can be inferred that the extent of active subsidence is influenced by the distribution of active drawpoints.Furthermore,by utilizing PIM to forecast subsidence values,a comparison between the calculated and actual subsidence amounts at the Pulang copper mine,the maximum error is less than 0.18 m.The prediction of surface subsidence patterns in this mine can be achieved through the application of the probability integral method,which is grounded in the principles of stochastic medium theory.Utilizing the PIM allows for the anticipation of surface subsidence regularity,thereby facilitating effective surface treatment and mitigation of debris flow within the mine.By integrating 3D modeling with surface subsidence patterns,various recommendations can be formulated for the management of subsidence pits and the development of a drawing plan for the mine.