日本对威海卫驻军权的利用与侵华策略调整

Garrison Right in Weihaiwei and Transformation of Japanese Expansionism Policy

日本在《马关条约》谈判中提出以驻军威海卫作为履约担保,开创了日本在华驻军的恶例。甲午战争掀起的列强瓜分中国狂潮却也反作用于日本,使其难以独霸中国,威海卫驻军更成列强关注之焦点。日本不得不调整对华策略以因应国际局势变化,遂利用列强间的斗争,以同情之名表面上将威海卫“归还”中国,实际却将相关权利暗中让渡给英国,引发了“英国强租威海卫事件”。日本侵华策略从明火执仗地掠夺土地,转向索取租借地与经济特权,谋求建立专属自身的在华势力范围,这一转变正是以对威海卫驻军权的认知变化为标志的。虽然日本对华政策在甲午战后有所调整,但以侵华为目标之主线却从未改变。

In the Shimonoseki negotiation,Japan requested garrison right in Weihaiwei as a guarantee.Through the treaty,Japan established the earliest garrison in China at Weihaiwei.The powers promoted the partition of China,the dramatic changes of international situation brought the Japanese garrison in Weihaiwei to a sharp focus.Taking advantage of the struggle between the powers,Japan transferred Weihaiwei to Britain while returning it to China in the name of sympathy.The change of the Japanese garrison in Weihaiwei from pledge to bargaining chips reflected that Japan constantly adapted to international rules and adjusted its strategy of aggression against China.Japan took land,and turned to claim leasehold and economic privileges,seeking to establish its own exclusive sphere of influence in China.This change was marked by the cognitive change of the garrison right in Weihaiwei.Although Japan’s China strategy changed after the Sino-Japanese War,the main objective of Japanese invasion of China has remained the same.