快速低能耗的高压直流断路器原理及设计

Principle and Design of High Voltage DC Circuit Breaker With Fast Speed and Low Energy Consumption

高压直流断路器对发展柔性直流输电和多端直流输电起着关键性作用,正是目前电力研究的热点和难点。本文先介绍了常见的三类直流断路器——机械式高压直流断路器、全固态高压直流断路器和混合式高压直流断路器的基本开断原理和优缺点。然后对混合式高压直流断路器能量吸收回路进行研究,提出避雷器分步投入设想并进行理论分析,发现分步投入有减小电流峰值,缩短分断时间,增加避雷器的使用寿命等优势。最后,利用PSCAD做了避雷器分步投入的仿真对比实验,得到了和理论一致的结论。

HVDC circuit breakers play a key role in the development of flexible DC transmission and multi terminal DC transmission, which is the hotspot and difficulty of power research at present. This paper first briefly reviews the three types of DC circuit breakers in history-Mechanical high-voltage DC circuit breakers,all solid-state high-voltage DC circuit breakers and hybrid high-voltage DC circuit breakers,and introduces their basic breaking principles,advantages and disadvantages.Then the energy absorption circuit of hybrid high-voltage DC circuit breaker is studied,and the assumption of step-by-step input of arrester is put forward and analyzed theoretically.It is found that step-by-step input has the advantages of reducing current peak,shortening breaking time,and increasing the service life of arrester.Finally,the simulation and comparison experiment of arrester step-by-step input is done by using PSCAD,and the conclusion is consistent with the theory.