老年慢性肌肉骨骼疼痛患者焦虑与体力活动的关系:有调节的中介模型

Relationship between anxiety and physical activity in elderly patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain:moderated mediation model

目的探讨老年慢性肌肉骨骼疼痛患者焦虑和体力活动的关系,并分析运动自我效能和领悟社会支持在二者间发挥的作用。方法采用一般资料调查表、广泛性焦虑量表、运动自我效能量表、领悟社会支持量表和老年人体力活动量表对333例老年慢性肌肉骨骼疼痛患者进行调查。结果老年慢性肌肉骨骼疼痛患者焦虑得分为(6.07±2.34)分、运动自我效能得分为(3.02±1.33)分、领悟社会支持得分为(51.07±8.39)分、体力活动得分为62.14(37.86,91.43)分;焦虑与运动自我效能、领悟社会支持、体力活动均呈负相关(P<0.01);运动自我效能、领悟社会支持与体力活动两两之间呈正相关(P<0.01);运动自我效能在老年慢性肌肉骨骼疼痛患者焦虑与体力活动间发挥中介效应,占总效应的36.17%;领悟社会支持在中介模型的前、后两段路径中起调节效应(β1=0.006,β2=-0.408,P<0.01)。结论老年慢性肌肉骨骼疼痛患者存在轻度焦虑,且体力活动不足。未来可通过激发患者运动动机,适当补充和利用周围支持资源,以改善患者焦虑情绪,提高其体力活动水平。

Objective To explore the relationship between anxiety and physical activity in elderly patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain,and to analyze the role of exercise self-efficacy and perceived social support.Methods A total of 333 elderly patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain were investigated by general information questionnaire,Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7,Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale,Perceived Social Support Scale and Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly.Results The anxiety score was(6.07±2.34),the exercise selfefficacy score was(3.02±1.33),the perceived social support score was(51.07±8.39)and the physical activity score was 62.14(37.86,91.43).Anxiety was negatively correlated with exercise self-efficacy,perceived social support,and physical activity(all P<0.01).Exercise self-efficacy,perceived social support and physical activity were positively correlated with each other(all P<0.01).Exercise self-efficacy mediated the relationship between anxiety and physical activity,with the mediating effect accounting for 36.17%.Perceived social support mod⁃erated the pre-and post-paths of the mediation model(β1=0.006,β2=-0.408,P<0.01).Conclusion Elderly patients with chronic musculo⁃skeletal pain have moderate levels of anxiety and insufficient physical activity.We could improve patients'anxiety and physical activity level by stimulating their exercise motivation,appropriately supplementing,and utilizing surrounding support resources.