外贸和外资政策改革:列宁的创造性探索论析

Policy Reform of Foreign Trade and Investment:An Analysis of Lenin's Creative Exploration

在领导苏俄实施“新经济政策”恢复国民经济的过程中,列宁创造性地探索开展对外贸易、引进与利用外资发展社会主义。他适时改革了对外贸易政策,以缔结贸易协定为纽带发展多边贸易关系;采取“绝对垄断”与“自由垄断”相结合的灵活贸易政策;制定对外贸易工作领域的分配奖励制。列宁通过实行企业租让、组织合资经营、吸纳国外借贷资本以及允许经济特区自主经营等创新形式利用西方资产阶级的资本,并为社会主义国家引进与利用外资规定了明确的界限,将租让限制在无产阶级政权可控的范围内,在反复权衡本国具体实际的前提下确定借贷规模、合资经营持股比例以及银行金融业对外资开放的程度。鉴往知来,列宁关于外贸和外资政策改革的创造性探索,对我国当下深化外贸外资体制改革仍然具有现实意义。

In the process of leading the Soviet Union to implement the“New Economic Policy”and restore the national economy,Lenin creatively explored the development of foreign trade and the introduction and utilization of foreign investment for the development of socialism.He timely reformed the foreign trade policy,using the conclusion of trade agreements as a link to develop multilateral trade relations.He adopted a flexible trade policy that combined“absolute monopoly”and“free monopoly”.He also formulated a distribution and reward system in the field of foreign trade work.Through innovative forms such as enterprise leasing,joint venture operations,absorbing foreign borrowing capital,and allowing special economic zones to operate autonomously,he utilized the capital of the Western bourgeoisie,and clearly defined the boundaries for the introduction and utilization of foreign investment by socialist countries.He limited the leasing within the controllable scope of the proletarian regime,and determined the scale of borrowing,the proportion of shareholding in joint ventures,and the degree of openness of the banking and financial industry to foreign investment,based on a careful weighing of the specific realities of his own country.Looking back and forward,Lenin's creative exploration of foreign investment and foreign investment policy still has practical significance for the deepening of China's reform of the foreign trade and foreign investment system.