罪错未成年人保护处分程序的法治化

Improvement of the Procedural System for the Protective Disposition of Juvenile Offenders

《刑法》《未成年人保护法》与《预防未成年人犯罪法》共同构建了对罪错未成年人的教育矫治制度,但由于缺少程序法的规制,当前的教育矫治制度并未得到有效的落实,对罪错未成年人的前端处置不力。当前在程序法中几乎没有与保护处分相关的内容,对于保护处分实施对象、实施主体和实施程序都缺乏配套规定,专门学校在实践中异化、矫治教育的社会效果不明显,不利于实现保护处分机制的效果、无法弥补一元化形事司法格局的罪错未成年人处置方向。在《刑事诉讼法》再修改的契机之下,应当将保护处分纳入罪错未成年人处置的司法体系中,在“未成年人刑事案件诉讼程序”一章中加入保护处分的相应制度,与现有的附条件不起诉制度衔接,实现预防未成年人犯罪与罪错治理的有效衔接。

The"Criminal Law","Juvenile Protection Law",and"Law on the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency"have all established an protective disposition system for juvenile offenders.However,due to the lack of procedural law regulations,the current protective disposition system has not been effectively implemented,and the front-end handling of juvenile offenders is weak.Currently,there is almost no content related to protective dispositions in procedural law,and there are no supporting provisions for the implementation objects,subjects,and procedures of protective dispositions.Special schools are alienated in practice,and the social effects of correctional education are not obvious,which is not conducive to achieving the effects of the protective disposition mechanism and remedying the direction of juvenile offender treatment in the unitary criminal justice structure.Under the opportunity of further amendments to the"Criminal Procedure Law",protective dispositions should be incorporated into the judicial system for the treatment of juvenile offenders,and the corresponding system of protective dispositions should be added in the chapter of"Procedures for Juvenile Criminal Cases",connected with the existing conditional non-prosecution system,to achieve effective connection between the prevention of juvenile delinquency and the treatment of offenses.