数据要素“中心主义”的刑法应对

The Positive Legislative Supply Reaction to the"Centrism"of Data Elements

数据要素是数字经济发展的关键资源与核心引擎,并孕育了数据要素的“中心主义”效应。应围绕数据要素建立法律保护机制。网络基本法与专门法初步建立了有关数据的法律制度及保护体系,也确立了数据与个人信息“二元”立法格局,但面向数据要素的法律制度建设及立法整体滞后。受立法原意、技术代际落差的限制,刑法已然不足以直接、全面保护数字经济发展与数据要素安全。透析数字经济的不同应用场景,数据要素呈现出多元、立体的属性,在法律性质上可分为经济性质为主、非经济性质为辅、新兴权利的特定面向等。这勾勒了刑法保障数据要素安全与强化数字经济发展的主线与路径。应围绕数据要素的不同性质,在经济犯罪、计算机犯罪和信息网络犯罪、财产犯罪等领域启动类型化的专门立法。通过修改已有犯罪、增设新犯罪等,逐步有序夯实刑法规范供给机制。

In the digital economy era,data elements are key resources and the core engine of development.This gives birth to the"centrism"effect of data elements,which inevitably requires the establishment of comprehensive protection mechanisms around data elements.Basic network laws and special network laws have basically established a dual legislative pattern protection.However,the system construction and legislation oriented to data elements lag behind.The criminal law provisions can′t directly and comprehensively apply to the digital economy and data elements.The data elements show multiple three-dimensional attributes,and in terms of legal nature,they are mainly based on economic aspects,supplemented by non-economic aspects,and specific aspects of emerging rights.In order to establish a criminal law guarantee mechanism for data elements and strengthen the security of the development of the digital economy,it is necessary to start the typed legislation of criminal law,focusing on the different nature of data elements,in the fields of economic crime,computer crime or cyber crime,property crime and other fields,by adding new crimes,revising existing crimes,so as to gradually and orderly consolidate the supply system of criminal law norms.