数字治理实践与风控规制异同——基于欧洲28国的分析

Digital Governance Practices and Differences and Similarities of Risk Control Regulations:An Analysis of 28 European Countries

数字技术变革推动了以风险治理为核心的制度变迁,欧盟是数字规制创新的开拓者。本文基于“国际数字生态指数”等数据,刻画了欧洲28国在数字风险治理领域的法律规制异同,并对影响规制异同的因素与作用机制进行分析。研究发现,安全与发展是各国数字风险治理的一体两面,即便有欧盟上位法的约束,各国的数字风控规制依然呈现出“同中有异”的复杂格局。同时,以技术应用为核心的治理实践驱动了数字风控规制的形成,而规范性因素的影响并不显著。数字技术的加速发展造成了制度形成与治理实践之间的“异步困境”,并导致工业时代治理典范的“祛魅”和“规范性力量”的衰落,各国的数字规制发展更多表现为一种务实的试错性实践。

The transformation of digital technology has driven institutional transformation centered on risk governance,in which the European Union(Eu)is a pioneer in digital regulation innovation.Based on data including the"International Digital Ecology Index",this article characterizes similarities of regulations in the field of digital risk governance among 28 European countries and explores the factors and mechanisms that affect similarities of regulations.The study found that security and development have become two aspects of digital risk governance,and the digital risk control regulations of 28 European countries still exhibit a complex pattern of"similarities but differences"under the constraints of the EU's upper-level laws.Governance practices centered on technology application have driven the formation of digital risk control regulations,while the influence of normative factors is not significant.The accelerated development of digital technology has resulted in an‘asynchronous dilemma"between regulation formation and governance practices.Which has led to the disenchantment of governance paradigms and the decline of normative power in the industrial era.The development of digital regulation in various countries is more manifested as a pragmatic trial-and-error practice.