“沉默的螺旋理论”视域下小学生课堂沉默诱因及纾解

Elementary School Students'Silence in the Classroom:Characterization,Causes,and Resolution——Reflections based on the"spiral of silence"theory

小学生课堂沉默与师生之间有效性的对话形成的价值悖论内嵌于小学课堂中,教师的“言论权威”使得一个对话的课堂变成演说型课堂,学生群体中“关键人物”的施压使得小学生沦为“沉默的羔羊”,课堂场下隐匿的主体间规则让师生之间局限性对话关系变得愈加坚固。教师、学生、课堂、学校相互牵制下衍生出的小学生课堂沉默现象一直是小学课堂易出现的问题,小学生课堂活动参与度不高对教学效果产生严重的负面影响。小学生课堂沉默不仅是一种个体选择参与课堂的方式,也是一种教师、学生、课堂和学校社会关联的结果。基于“沉默的螺旋”理论思考,深度剖析小学生课堂“失语行为”,构建积极课堂“主流气候”,掌控小学生课堂舆论导向,为小学生课堂沉默现象提供切实可行的破冰“解旋”之策。

The value paradox of classroom silence and effective dialog between teachers and students is embedded in the elementary classroom,where the teacher's"speech authority"turns a dialogic classroom into an oratorical classroom,and the pressure of"key figures"in the student body turns students into"lambs of silence",and the hidden intersubjective rules in the classroom field reinforce the limited dialogic relationship between teachers and students.The pressure exerted by the"key figures"in the student body turns primary students into"silent lambs",and the hidden inter-subjective rules in the classroom make the limited dialogical relationship between teachers and students more and more solid.Teachers,students,classrooms,schools and the phenomenon of silence in the classroom derived from the mutual constraints of elementary school classrooms has always been an elementary school classroom prone to problems,the lack of participation in classroom activities of primary school students has a serious negative impact on the effectiveness of the teaching and learning.Silence in the classroom is not only an individual's way of choosing to participate in the classroom,but also a result of the social connection between teachers,students,classrooms and schools.Based on the"spiral of silence"theory,we can analyze the classroom"aphasia behavior"of elementary school students,build a positive classroom"mainstream climate",control the classroom public opinion of elementary school students,and provide practical and feasible solutions to the phenomenon of silence in the classroom of primary school students.The theory of"Spiral of Silence"analyzes primary school students'silent behavior,builds a positive classroom"mainstream climate",controls the public opinion orientation of primary school students'classroom,and provides practical measures to break the ice of the phenomenon of silence in the classroom.