耦合一二维水动力模型的城市社区暴雨内涝模拟研究

Urban community stormwater inundation simulation research on coupling one-and two-dimensional hydrodynamic models

【目的】在全球气候变化和快速城市化背景下,城市暴雨内涝灾害风险持续增加,水文水动力模型是理解暴雨内涝产生机理的重要手段,构建科学合理的暴雨内涝模型是当前研究的热点。【方法】通过耦合一维管网水动力模型(SWMM)和二维水动力模型(LISFLOOD-FP),建立城市社区尺度的暴雨内涝模型,以大学社区为研究对象,开展多场次实测降水和设计暴雨的内涝情景模拟。【结果】结果表明:(1)以2023年7月11日实测降水为例,模拟结果与实际情况具有高度一致性,表明耦合模型的精度满足城市社区尺度内涝模拟需求;(2)以1 a、5 a、10 a、20 a、50 a、100 a重现期设计暴雨为例,随着降雨量的增加,雨水管网负荷、积水淹没范围和深度明显提升,高风险管网数量增长3.17倍,积水淹没范围增长170%,积水淹没范围和深度与重现期成正相关关系,在重现期20~50 a期间社区内排水能力达到饱和;(3)模拟结果显示,研究区内暴雨内涝高风险区域主要分布在教学区边界、生活区南侧、教学区与生活区交界区,需要引起相关部门重视。【结论】研究结果表明耦合SWMM和LISFLOOD-FP的暴雨内涝模型在雨水管网状态和地面积水淹没模拟方面均具有较高精度,适用于城市社区尺度的暴雨内涝模拟分析。

[Objective]Against the backdrop of global climate change and rapid urbanization,the risk of urban flash flood disasters is continuously increasing.Hydrological and hydraulic models are crucial tools for understanding the mechanisms behind flash floods.Constructing a scientifically reasonable flash flood model is currently a research hotspot.[Methods]By coupling a one-dimensional pipe network hydraulic model(SWMM)and a two-dimensional hydraulic model(LISFLOOD-FP),a flash flood model at the urban community scale was established.A university community was selected as the study area,and multiple scenarios of measured precipitation and design storms were simulated for flash flood analysis.[Results]The result indicate that:(1)Using the measured precipitation on July 11,2023,as an example,the simulation result exhibit high consistency with the actual situation,demonstrating that the accuracy of the coupled model meets the needs of flash flood simulation at the urban community scale.(2)Taking 1 a,5 a,10 a,20 a,50 a,and 100 a return period design storms as examples,with increasing rainfall,the load on the stormwater pipe network,inundation area,and depth significantly increase.The number of high-risk pipe network segments grows by 3.17 times,and the inundation area expands by 170%.The inundation area and depth are positively correlated with the return period.In the 20-year to 50-year return period range,the community′s drainage capacity reaches saturation.(3)The simulation result show that the high-risk areas of flash floods in the study area are mainly distributed along the boundaries of the teaching area,the southern side of the residential area,and the junction area between the teaching and residential areas,requiring attention from relevant authorities.[Conclusion]The research result demonstrate that the flash flood model,coupling SWMM and LISFLOOD-FP,exhibits high accuracy in simulating the status of stormwater pipe networks and surface water inundation.It is suitable for flash flood simulation and analysis at the urban community scale.