一种仿人工机械锄草装置的设计与试验

[目的]满足农业现代化除草作业需求,提高农业生产效率。[方法]基于我国东北地区玉米种植模式垄高15 cm的目标,设计了一种仿人工机械锄草装置,装置包括锄草刀、曲柄连杆机构、传动机构、电机部分。通过阐述该装置各部件设计与工作原理,设置了锄草装置的曲柄连杆机构和锄草刀等关键部件参数,对参数进行理论分析计算;采用SolidWorks和MATLAB进行轨迹仿真验证,并进行室内台架试验。同时,通过进行三因素三水平的正交试验,对结果进行方差分析和重复试验。[结果]最佳试验组除草率为89.6%,证明了该装置的有效性,验证了该设计的可行性。[结论]该装置对垄的伤害更低,能有效避苗,可以降低土壤带来的阻力,具有更高的主动性和更低的能耗。

[Objective]To meet the needs of agricultural modernization weeding and improve agricultural production efficiency.[Method]Based on the goal of 15 cm ridge height of corn planting mode in Northeast China,a kind of artificial mechanical weeding device was designed,which included weeding knife,crank connecting rod mechanism,transmission mechanism and motor.By expounding the design and working principle of each component of the device,the parameters of the key components of the weeding device,such as the crank connecting rod mechanism and the weeding knife,were set,and the parameters were analyzed and calculated theoretically.The trajectory was simulated and verified by SolidWorks and MATLAB,and the indoor bench test was carried out.At the same time,through the orthogonal experiment of three factors and three levels,the results were analyzed by variance and repeated experiments.[Result]The weeding rate of the best experimental group was 89.6%,which proved the effectiveness of the device and verified the feasibility of the design.[Conclusion]The device has lower damage to the ridge,can effectively avoid seedlings,can reduce the resistance caused by soil,and has higher initiative and lower energy consumption.