以强毅之力行其志——张謇近代商业职业教育实践的历史观照与当代审察

Carrying Out the Aspirations with Strong Perseverance——Historical Observation and Contemporary Review of Zhang Jian's Modern Commercial Vocational Education Practice

作为“爱国企业家的典范”的张謇,于19世纪末20世纪初在江苏南通拉开实业救国、教育救国的序幕,书写了“中国近代第一城”的辉煌。他敢为人先,勇于站在时代前列,在近代南通构建了相对完整、比较先进的教育体系,组织开展了丰富多彩、成效显著的兴商学、开商智教育活动,商业职业教育是其中一个重要的领域。由张謇为主所办商校的理念和实践活动影响深远,其“养成开门商战人才”“以强毅之力行其志”“道德优美,学术纯粹”“学必期于用,用必适于地”“祈通中西,力求精进”等诸多教育理念与丰富、生动的实践活动为新时代职教事业提供了历史基础和文化滋养,在今天仍然值得学习和借鉴。

As a model of patriotic entrepreneurs,Zhang Jian opened the prelude of saving the nation by engaging in industry and education in Nantong,Jiangsu in the late 19th and early 20th centuries,and wrote the glory of "the first city of modern China".He dared to take the lead and stand at the forefront of the times,and built a relatively complete and advanced education system in modern Nantong.He organized and carried out rich and effective activities such as promoting business schools and developing business intelligence education,among which business vocational education is one of the important fields.The philosophy and practical activities of the business school,led by Zhang Jian,have had a profound impact.Its educational philosophy and rich and vivid practical activities,such as "cultivating talents for business warfare","carrying out their aspirations with strong determination","moral beauty and academic purity","learning must be applied,and application must be suitable","bridging communication between China and the West,striving for excellence",have provided a historical foundation and cultural nourishment for the new era of vocational education.Today it is still worth learning and drawing lessons from.