我国犯罪记录查询制度:现状、问题与完善路径

The Criminal Record Inquiry System in China:Present Situation,Problem and Improvement Path

犯罪记录查询是为了解、掌握犯罪状况和实现犯罪治理现代化,经有权限的主体申请,由特定国家机关通过法定程序对曾犯过罪的人既往的犯罪情况进行核查、询证的活动。犯罪记录查询制度是犯罪记录查询的规则或运作模式,建立犯罪记录查询制度既有利于实现犯罪治理现代化,又有利于犯罪人再社会化。我国有关犯罪记录查询的规定存在抽象化、管理分散化、规范性不足等问题。犯罪记录查询制度的完善需要建立由司法行政机关主管、全国统一的犯罪记录查询数据库,明确犯罪记录数据的采录范围与传输方式,还需要对犯罪记录的查询主体、查询程序及相关配套措施作出全面、系统的规定,使犯罪记录查询制度具体化、规范化、程序化,确保在司法实践中具有可操作性。

In order to understand and master the criminal situation and realize the modernization of criminal management,the criminal record query is an activity of checking and confirming the criminal situation of the person who has committed a crime through the legal procedure applied by the subject with the authority.Criminal record inquiry system is the rule or operation mode of criminal record inquiry.Establishing criminal record inquiry system is not only conducive to realizing the modernization of criminal management,but also conducive to the re-socialization of criminals.There are some problems in the regulation of criminal record inquiry in our country,such as abstraction,decentralized management and insufficient standardization.The perfection of the criminal record inquiry system needs to establish a national unified criminal record inquiry database,which is in charge of judicial administrative organs,and clarify the collection scope and transmission mode of criminal record data.It is also necessary to make comprehensive and systematic provisions on the subject of criminal record inquiry,inquiry procedures and related supporting measures,so as to make the criminal record inquiry system specific,standardized and procedural,and ensure its operability in judicial practice.