老年2型糖尿病与肌少症共病的研究进展

Research Progress on the Comorbidity of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Sarcopenia in the Elderly

2型糖尿病(T2DM)是老年人常见的慢性代谢性疾病,其特征是慢性高血糖与胰岛素抵抗。肌少症是衰老过程中出现的骨骼肌质量和功能进行性丧失,已被证实与T2DM密切相关。二者之间存在共同的病理生理基础,T2DM可能通过多种途径介导肌少症的发生,如骨骼肌胰岛素抵抗、氧化应激和线粒体功能障碍以及肌肉脂质异位沉积等。对于合并肌少症的老年T2DM患者,治疗时需要合理的血糖控制目标和降糖药物选择,同时进行运动和营养干预可有效改善T2DM患者的血糖水平和肌肉功能,延缓疾病进展。

Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) is a common chronic metabolic disease in the elderly,characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and insulin resistance.Sarcopenia refers to the progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and function that occurs during aging and has been shown to be closely associated with T2DM.There is a common pathophysiological basis between the two.T2DM may mediate the occurrence of sarcopenia through various pathways,such as skeletal muscle insulin resistance,oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction,and muscle lipid ectopic deposition.For elderly T2DM patients with sarcopenia,blood glucose control goals and hypoglycemic drug selection are required during treatment.Meanwhile,exercise and nutritional intervention can effectively improve blood glucose level and muscle function in T2DM patients and delay disease progression.