秦统一巴蜀在中华民族形成过程中的意义

Significance of the Qin Dynasty's Unification of the Ba-Shu in the Formation of the Chinese Nation

秦国统一巴蜀对促进中华民族形成发展和统一国家建立具有重要历史意义,主要体现为:第一,巴蜀地区纳入秦后成为诸夏区域一部分,对统一国家—中国的建立具有重要意义,统一国家建立也有了坚实的立国基础。第二,对巴蜀地区华夏化与发展具有重要历史意义。巴蜀地区纳入秦后,逐步成为“中国的巴蜀”,华阳黑水巴蜀人也成为华夏巴蜀人,华夏化也使巴蜀地区的发展进入新的历史时期。第三,对华夏民族与西南各民族之间的交往交流交融及西南地区发展都具有重要历史意义。秦统一巴蜀后,以巴蜀地区为基地,通过将“氐”“羌”“冉”“駹”“笮”“徙”“邛”“僰”“濮”“儴”“蜑”等部落纳入统治,华夏民族与云贵高原、青藏高原东南缘等各民族交往交流交融逐渐增强,为之后“开西南夷”打下基础。中原的先进文化,也通过巴蜀传到云贵高原、青藏高原东南缘各民族部落中,推动了当地各民族经济社会与文化的发展。秦统一巴蜀后,西南各民族逐渐融入中华民族大家庭,成为中华民族共同体不可分割的组成部分。

In the autumn of 316 BC,the Qin officials Zhang Yi and Sima Cuo led their troops to the south,but the Shu refused to fight at Jiameng.In this battle,the Shu army was defeated and the king of the Shu was captured by the Qin army.After the war,the Qin brought the whole of Ba-Shu under its rule in a relatively short period of time.There have been a lot of academic achievements about the Qin's unification of the Ba-Shu,but it is still necessary to study deeply the background of the promotion of the unification of China and the formation and development of the Chinese nation.The Ba-Shu connected geographically with the Qin and had contact with each other in history.From the eastern edge of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau to the east of Hanzhong,there are a number of traffic routes between the two places,some of which have been recorded in the Shangshu·Yugong(The Book of History).Some of the exchanges between the Shu and the Qin recorded in the literature before 316 BC may have taken the Ziwu Road,but the envoys of both sides would mostly take the Shiniu Road to Baoxie Road.In addition to the Shu region,there were also several traffic routes connecting the Shu region through Hanzhong to the Qin region.This study infers that the reason why the Qin troop chose to go south through the Shiniu Road were as follows:First,they were trying to avoid the interference of the Chu by staying away from areas controlled by the Chu.Second,the Qin knew the condition and traffic capacity of Shiniu Road.Third,the Qin understood Jiameng s strategic position in getting control of the Ba-Shu,and the Shiniu Road was their inevitable choice for their military route.This article concludes that the historical significance of the Qin's unification of the Ba-Shu was as follows:First,it had important historical significance for the further development of the Huaxia and the establishment of a unified country.The Ba-Shu's incorporation into the Qin laid a solid foundation for the establishment of a unified country—China.Second,it is of great historical significance to the Ba-Shu's development and their integration into the Huaxia.After the Ba-Shu and the related areas were incorporated into the Qin Dynasty,they gradually became the“Ba-Shu of China”,and their development entered a new historical period.Third,it is of great historical significance to the communication,interaction,and integration between“Huaxia”and the southwest ethnic groups as well as to the development of the whole southwest region.After the Qin's unification of the Ba-Shu,the contacts and interactions between the“Huaxia”and various ethnic groups in the southwest increased gradually,laying a foundation for the“Development of Southwest Ethnic Regions”in later dynasties.The advanced culture of the Central Plains also spread to the ethnic tribes in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and the southeastern margin of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau in various ways through the Ba-Shu,which promoted the development of these local areas.After the unification of the Ba-Shu in Qin Dynasty,the southwest region gradually became the southwest frontier of China's historical development,and various ethnic groups in the southwest gradually integrated in the larger family of the Chinese nation and became an inseparable part of the Chinese national community.