中华民族共同体意识与爱国主义精神的契合——兼论新时代爱国主义教育的现实转向

The Spiritual Coincidence of Consciousness of the Chinese National Community and Patriotism:Also on the Realistic Shift of Patriotic Education in the New Era

中华民族共同体意识以强化中华民族为核心,以现代国家认同为目标,本质上是民族意识,其提出的逻辑起点是单元民族,因此正确把握并处理好共同性和差异性、中华民族共同体意识和各民族意识、中华文化和各民族文化、物质和精神等四对关系是铸牢中华民族共同体意识的基本原则。强调共同性和整体性、身份意识和边界意识、继承性和未来性是其基本特征。爱国情感始于对生活之地的眷恋,终于对现代国家的政治情感。爱国主义提出的逻辑起点是个人,具有强调个人与国家之间关系的动态平衡、社会历史性、自然生成和政治形塑相统一等特征。在提出视角、目标、边界、属性和援引文化资源等方面二者具有精神上的契合性。铸牢中华民族共同体意识成为国家战略,突破了爱国主义教育所涵盖的两种国家认同教育之间的平衡,在某种意义上铸牢中华民族共同体意识在外延上涵盖了爱国主义教育,在实践中会对爱国主义教育产生深刻影响,推动爱国主义教育向“中华民族为核心的民族国家认同模式”的现实转向。

Consciousness of Chinese national community is essentially a national consciousness.On the one hand,consciousness of Chinese national community is a cohesive emotion formed during thousands of years of historical activity of the Chinese nation,and it is a positive psychological response to the Chinese national community itself,with historical depth.On the other hand,this discourse is also an important political tool for national leadership and national molding.The logical starting point of the consciousness of Chinese national community is the unitary nation.Its basic features are the emphasizing of commonality and wholeness,identity and boundary awareness,as well as inheritance and future.The national spirit centered on patriotism in the outstanding traditions of the Chinese nation is the cultural foundation for the generation of contemporary patriotism,and all the sentiments,thoughts and actions aimed at realizing national independence and people s liberation in modern times are also the basis for the formation of contemporary patriotism.After the founding of the new China,the masses of the people have become the masters of the country and the builders of socialism,and have been advancing on the road to the realization of common prosperity,and the three elements of patriotism—love of the country,love of the Party,and love of socialism—have been unified and sublimated,and all the positive sentiments directed at promoting the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation are regarded as patriotism.Consciousness of the Chinese national community and patriotism are both generated from a comparative perspective.They are compatible in goals,consistent in boundaries,without clear institutional attributes,and are invoked by various social forces in different times for regarding them as an important force for realizing political unity and cohesion of forces.Compared to the socio-historical nature of patriotism,the consciousness of the Chinese national community shows more distinctive characteristics of continuity.And the inclusion of patriotism into the scope of consciousness of the Chinese national community makes the content of the patriotism richer.Therefore,the two are spiritually compatible.In contemporary China,there are two modes of patriotic education,namely,the nation-state identity mode with the Chinese nation at the core,and the citizen-nation identity mode with citizens as the main body.Casting a firm consciousness of the Chinese national community as a national strategy emerges from the balance between the two types of national identity education covered by patriotic education.In a sense,casting a firm consciousness of the Chinese national community covers patriotic education in extension,and it will have a profound impact on patriotic education in practice,and promote the realistic shift of patriotic education to the“the nation-state identity mode with the Chinese nation as the core”.The goal of patriotic education in the new era is to unify the love of the country,love of the Party and love of socialism,and so patriotism has been given more content.