G蛋白偶联受体37在神经系统疾病中的研究进展

GPR37 in the neurological diseases

G蛋白偶联受体37(GPR37)在大脑黑质、纹状体等多个区域和小胶质细胞、少突胶质细胞等不同类型的免疫细胞中广泛表达,参与调控神经系统的发育、分化和存活等多个重要过程。临床常见的神经系统疾病如帕金森病、脑卒中的发病机制涉及到神经元的损害、神经元突触的失衡、炎症和免疫系统的激活等多个方面,但由于对其具体发病机制尚未完全明确,导致临床治疗仍缺乏有效手段。近年来有研究表明,GPR37不仅能够直接与神经元上的相应受体结合调节信号传导途径影响神经元的活动状态,还能通过调控神经元周围免疫细胞来间接影响神经元的功能。文章就GPR37在神经系统疾病,如帕金森病、脑卒中、脑白质疾病、肿瘤和精神疾病等中的关键作用和调控机制进行综述。

G Protein-Coupled Receptor 37(GPR37)is widely expressed in multiple brain regions such as the substantia nigra and striatum,and in various types of immune cells including microglia and oligodendrocytes.It plays a crucial role in the regulation of important processes such as the development,differentiation and survival of the nervous system.Common neurological diseases such as Parkinson′s disease,stroke involve mechanisms that lead to neuronal damage,imbalances in neuronal synapses,inflammation and acti⁃vation of the immune system.However,due to the incomplete understanding of their specific pathogenic mechanisms,effective clinical treatments are still lacking.Recent studies have shown that GPR37 not only directly bind to the corresponding receptors on neurons to regulate signaling pathways affecting neuronal activity,but also indirectly influence neuronal function by modulating surrounding im⁃mune cells.This article reviews the key role and regulatory mechanism of GPR37 in neurological diseases such as Parkinson′s disease,stroke,leukoencephalopathy,glioma,mental illnesses.