饮食干预治疗抑郁相关症状的研究进展

Advances in dietary interventions for the treatment of depression-related symptoms

抑郁症是一种常见的精神疾病,目前全球有近16%的人群受到抑郁相关症状的影响,而在中国抑郁症患者的诊治率仅有9.5%。抑郁症具有高发病率和低治愈率的特点,如何有效提高其治疗效果是近年来研究的热点。抗抑郁药作为抑郁症的主要治疗方式,存在药物不良反应多和起效慢等缺点,促使人们开始重视抑郁症的非药物治疗。饮食干预是一种改变饮食结构和节律的非药物治疗方式;目前关于饮食干预在精神医学的应用非常广泛,对治疗抑郁症也有一定的效果。近年来的研究证据表明,饮食干预可以通过脑-肠轴相关的进食机制来治疗和改善抑郁症的相关症状。该文综述饮食干预在抑郁症治疗中的多维度探索,包括饮食结构干预、饮食节律干预、肠道菌群的作用等方面,详细介绍饮食干预的方式和涉及的相关机制,希冀为饮食干预治疗抑郁相关症状提供参考。

Major depressive disorder(MDD)is a common mental illness.Currently,nearly 16%of the global population is affected by depression-related symptoms,while the diagnosis and treatment rate of MDD patients in China is only 9.5%.MDD is characterised by high morbidity and low recovery rate,and how to effectively improve its therapeutic effect has been a hot research topic in recent years.Antidepressants,as the main treatment for MDD,have the disadvantages of many adverse effects and slow onset of action,prompting people to pay attention to the non-pharmacological treatments of MDD.Dietary intervention is a kind of non-pharmacological treatment by changing dietary structures and rhythms;the current application of dietary intervention to psychiatry is very extensive,and it has been proved to be effective in the treatment of depression.Recent research suggests that dietary interventions can treat and ameliorate depressive symptoms by influencing brain-gut axis-related eating mechanisms.This article reviews the multidimensional exploration of dietary interventions in the treatment of depression:dietary structure interventions,dietary rhythm interventions,and the role of intestinal flora.It details the modalities of dietary interventions and the related mechanisms involved,and provides reference for dietary interventions in the treatment of depression-related symptoms.