运动员动作预期中错误监控的认知调节机制:来自行为与ERP的证据

Cognitive Regulatory Mechanism of Error Monitoring in Athletes’Action Anticipation:Evidence from Behavior and ERP

目的:从错误监控视角探究运动员的动作预期错误监控与脑活动的认知调节机制。方法:40人[优秀组(一级篮球运动员)和新手组(非篮球专项的体育专业大学生)]观看不同判断时间点(出手阶段、上升阶段、高点阶段和下落阶段)和投篮结果(命中与未命中)的投篮视频,进行投篮结果预期及错误意识水平报告;同时记录并分析被试判断正确率、判断确信程度、P3、N400、ERN及Pe成分的潜伏期和峰波幅。结果:优秀组在投篮动作的早期阶段对命中情况的判断正确率更高,对未命中情况的判断正确率更低,判断确信程度与判断正确率呈正相关关系;优秀组的ERN峰波幅显著大于新手组,P3峰波幅有大于新手组的趋势,在未命中情况下的N400峰波幅更大,在命中情况下的Pe峰波幅更小。结论:1)运动经验可以提高运动员的错误监控能力,且优秀运动员的动作预期错误监控的时程表现在动作执行的早期阶段;2)优秀运动员的错误监控能力在行为特征和认知神经变化2个方面均显现出优势,且错误监控能力的强弱会影响动作预期的绩效;3)优秀运动员的错误监控行为可以调节运动经验对动作预期绩效的影响过程。

Objective:This study explored the cognitive regulatory mechanism of error monitoring behavior and brain activity during the anticipatory processing of athletes from the perspective of error monitoring.Method:40 expert group(elite basketball players)and novice group(college students majoring in sports but not basketball)athletes to watch different judgment time(shooting stage,rising stage,high point stage and falling stage)and shooting results(in,out)shooting video,predict the fate of the ball and report error consciousness level.Latency and peak amplitude of subject accuracy,certainty,P3,N400,ERN and Pe were recorded and analyzed.Results:In the early stage of the shooting action,expert group had the higher accuracy for the in shots,but lower accuracy for the out shots,where the degree of certainty is positively correlated with the accuracy rate;the peak amplitude of ERN and P3 was greater than that of the novice group.In addition,the excellent group found the larger N400 peak amplitude in the out condition,the smaller Pe peak amplitude in the in condition.Conclusions:1)sport expertise can promote the athletes’ability of error monitoring,and the time course of error monitoring in the expected movements of excellent athletes is manifested in the early stage of action execution.2)The error monitoring of expert athletes shows advantages in both behavioral characteristics and cognitive neural changes,and the quality of the error monitoring of athletes affects the performance of action prediction.3)The level of error monitoring of elite athletes can regulate the influence of sport expertise on prediction performance.