火星表面微生物存活的潜力和限制因素分析

Analysis of potential and restricting factors of microbial survivalon the Martian surface

评估微生物在地外行星表面的存活状况是深空探测活动中实施地外生命探测和行星保护的前提条件之一。文章分析了火星表面环境特征及其对微生物存活的影响,以及在火星探测活动中微生物存活的潜力;归整出可用于微生物对火星环境适应性研究的空间模拟平台和地面环境模拟设备,并指出要模拟真实火星环境仍需改进多功能模拟设备。研究微生物在火星环境中存活和适应机制对于地外生命探测、地外生物安全风险评估以及深空探测工程应用有重要意义。

The assessment of the microbial survival status on the superior planet surface is one of the prerequisites of the detection of extraterrestrial life and the implementation of planetary protection in deep space exploration activities.The characteristics of the Martian surface environment and their impact on the microbial survival,as well as the potential for microbial survival in Mars exploration activities were analyzed in this paper.The space simulation platforms and ground-based simulation facilities used for studying the microbial adaptability to the Martian environment were reviewed.It is concluded that the multi-functional simulation facilities would need to be improved to simulate the real Martian environment.The proposed research is of significance for extraterrestrial life detection,extraterrestrial biosafety risk assessment,and deep space exploration engineering applications to study the microbial survival and adaptation mechanisms in the Martian environment.