硅钙肥对百香果品质及细胞壁代谢的影响

Effects of Silica-calcium Fertilizer on Quality and Cell Wall Metabo-lism of Passion Fruit

为探明适合贵州低热河谷地区栽培百香果的硅钙肥配比,本研究以钦蜜9号百香果为试材,试验设置为花前每株土施硅肥50 g,花后10 d左右喷施钙肥,间隔15 d喷1次,连续喷3次,钙肥浓度为500倍、1000倍、1500倍,以不施肥为对照。通过对百香果土施硅肥、花果期喷施钙肥,探究不同中微肥及其用量对百香果品质及细胞壁代谢的影响,并筛选最佳硅钙肥配方,旨在为提高百香果果实品质提供一定的理论依据和实践指导。结果表明:与对照相比,土施硅肥+喷施钙肥1000倍配施能提高百香果的单果重、果实硬度、果实纵横径,增加果实的可溶性固形物(TSS)及Vc含量,减少可滴定酸(TA)含量;提高可溶性糖(SS)、可溶性蛋白质含量(SP);促进过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性;增加果皮中原果胶和纤维素含量,使水溶性果胶(WSP)含量、纤维素酶(CX)、多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(PG)及果胶甲酯酶(PME)活性下降,且各指标与对照均存在显著差异。进而说明土施硅肥+喷施钙肥1000倍配施能显著提高百香果果实品质及果皮机械强度、韧性及稳定性,与对照相比,果实单果重、果实硬度、纵径、横径分别增长11.15%、27.18%、6.23%、3.29%,TSS、Vc、SS、SP含量分别提高16.95%、16.12%、20.57%、24.55%,TA含量降低36.03%,POD、SOD、CAT活性分别提升13.16%、19.67%、21.65%,果皮中原果胶和纤维素含量分别增加19.29%和17.19%,WSP含量降低10.63%,CX、PG及PME活性分别下降8.58%、22.98%、7.52%。

In order to find out the ratio of silicon and calcium fertilizer suitable for the cultivation of passion fruit in the low-heat valley area of Guizhou,this study took passion fruit Qinmi No.9 as the test material.The experiment was conducted with 50 g of silicon fertilizer per plant before flowering,spraying calcium fertilizer about 10 days after flow-ering,spraying once every 15 days,spraying three times continuously,and the concentration of calcium fertilizer was 500 times,1000 times and 1500 times.CK was used as the control group,which received no fertilizer application.The effects of different medium and micro fertilizers,as well as dosages,on the quality and related cell wall metabolism indexes of passion fruit were explored by applying silicon fertilizer to the soil and spraying calcium fertilizer during the flowering and fruiting periods.The aim was to screen for the best specialized silicon-calcium fertilizer formula.The aim is to provide a theoretical basis and practical guidance for improving the quality of passion fruit.The results showed that compared with the control,soil application of silicon fertilizer and spraying calcium fertilizer 1000 times combined application increased the single fruit weight,fruit hardness and fruit shape index of passion fruit.Additionally,they elevated the content of soluble solids(TSS)and vitamin C(Vc),while reducing the content of titratable acidity(TA).Furthermore,there was an increase in soluble sugar(SS)and soluble protein content(SP).Peroxidase(POD),superox-ide dismutase(SOD),and catalase(CAT)activities were promoted.However,the activities of water-soluble pectin(WSP)content,cellulase(CX),polygalacturonase(PG),and pectin methylesterase(PME)decreased due to the increase in protopectin and cellulose in the peel,each index was significantly different from the control group.It shows that sil-icon-calcium fertilizer had the best effect on enhancing passion fruit quality and improving the mechanical strength,toughness and stability of peel.Compared to CK,the single fruit weight,fruit hardness,longitudinal diameter and transverse diameter increased by 11.15%,27.18%,6.23%and 3.29%,respectively.Moreover,the contents of TSS,Vc,SS and SP increased by 16.95%,16.12%,20.57%and 24.55%,respectively,while the content of TA decreased by 36.03%,and the activities of POD,SOD and CAT increased by 13.16%,19.67%and 21.65%,respectively.The content of protopectin and cellulose in peel increased by 19.29%and 17.19%,respectively.Meanwhile,the content of WSP decreased by 10.63%,and the activities of CX,PG and PME decreased by 8.58%,22.98%and 7.52%,respectively.