遮光对五指毛桃植株生物量分配及营养成分组成特征的影响

Response Analysis of Plant Nutrient Composition Characteristics of Ficus hirta Vahl under Different Light Intensity

通过搭建遮阴棚设置5个遮光率处理(0、30%、50%、70%、90%),分析不同光照强度下五指毛桃生物量指标的分配规律及各部分矿质元素组成特征、营养成分积累差异。结果表明:五指毛桃生物量指标可塑性指数平均值为0.81,茎生物量占比受遮光影响较小,果生物量及其占比受遮光影响较大,90%遮光率处理一年生五指毛桃植株不结果;50%遮光率处理五指毛桃植株果生物量占比最高;遮光会增加五指毛桃植株常量元素中氮和钾的含量,降低钙和磷的含量;五指毛桃植株钙磷比变化范围为1.65~6.32,果实钙磷比较低,叶片钙磷比较高;微量元素中,铁含量受遮光影响最大;70%和90%遮光率处理五指毛桃叶片、茎秆和果实中铁含量较对照降低65%以上;遮光处理五指毛桃叶片粗蛋白含量范围为13.91%~16.82%,果实粗蛋白含量范围为12.22%~16.46%;叶片和果实粗纤维平均含量分别为13.73%和17.33%;全光照种植五指毛桃果实中粗脂肪含量最高,为13.30%;遮阴显著降低五指毛桃叶片、茎秆和果实中黄酮类化合物含量,但五指毛桃叶片和果实中的多酚含量在30%遮光率处理下达到最高。综上,以采收种子进行种苗繁育为主的生产不适宜在荫蔽度较高的环境下进行,可以用50%遮光种植,以提高结实率。同时遮阴会改变五指毛桃各部位养分积累和组成比例,在用其叶片、茎秆和果实作饲料原料时应注意五指毛桃种植环境对其营养成分组成的影响,合理进行各养分比例调整。而利用其叶片作为饮料原料时,以种植在30%遮光率环境中为宜。

Five shading levels(0,30%,50%,70%and 90%)were set up to analyze the biomass distribution patterns,the differences in mineral element composition characteristics and nutrient accumulation of Ficus hirta Vahl(FH).The av-erage plasticity index of the biomass indicators of FH was 0.81.The proportion of stem biomass was less affected by shading,while fruit biomass and its proportion were significantly affected.90%shading level inhibited fruit production,while the 50%shading level exhibited the highest fruit biomass proportion.Shading increased nitrogen and potassium content in FH,while decreasing calcium and phosphorus.The calcium-to-phosphorus ratio ranged from 1.65 to 6.32,with lower ratios in fruits and higher ratios in leaves.Among trace elements,iron content was most affected by shading.70%and 90%shading levels led to a more than 65%reduction in iron content compared to the control.The iron content was most affected by shading.Under shading,the crude protein content in FH leaves and fruits ranged from 13.91%to 16.82%and 12.22%to 16.46%,respectively.The average content of crude fiber in leaves and fruits was 13.73%and 17.33%,respectively.The ether extract content in FH fruit planted in the full light was the highest,at 13.30%.Shading significantly reduced the content of flavonoids in leaves,stems,and fruits of FH,but the polyphenol content in the leaves and fruits reached its highest under 30%shading rate.In conclusion,The production mainly based on seed har-vesting for seedling breeding is not suitable for high shading cultivation.50%shading level can be used to improve the fruiting rate.Shading altered the accumulation and composition ratio of nutrient in different plant parts.When used as feed material,environmental impact and nutrient ratio adjustments should be considered in FH cultivation.30%shading rate is better for FH planting when using its leaves as materials for beverage production.