企业破产前困境拯救机制的法理阐释与体系构建

Jurisprudence Explanation and System Construction of Enterprise Pre-bankruptcy Distress Rescue Mechanisms

探索建立企业破产前困境拯救机制是破产法市场化法治化实施和优化营商环境的重要课题。破产前困境拯救机制在内容上应当包括濒临破产企业董事的义务、破产风险预警、庭外重组、预重整等手段,在逻辑上各类拯救工具之间价值基础相互贯通,在功能上彼此分工但又紧密联系,形成了有机配合的整体。构建体系化的企业破产前的困境拯救机制有着重要的时代意义,预防型社会治理的原则转变决定了破产保护框架应当向前端延伸,由于当前的企业拯救机制存在单一性和不完备性的问题,需要对企业困境拯救的手段进行丰富和完善,以此回应困境拯救文化和诉源治理理念。为此,我国应当在立法中明确濒临破产企业董事的义务,建立早期预警机制,引入规范化的破产ADR作为非正式重组机制的重要补充,以“一站式”平台作为困境企业救助服务集约化实现的重要载体,运用数字化手段为破产前困境拯救机制的有效运行提供技术支撑。

Exploring the establishment of a pre-bankruptcy distress rescue mechanism for enterprises is an important topic either for the market-oriented and legal implementation of the bankruptcy law or the optimization of the business environment.The pre-bankruptcy distress rescue mechanism should include the duties of directors of enterprises on the brink of bankruptcy,early warning tools,out-of-court workouts,prepackaged bankruptcy and other means in terms of content.Logically,it involves the interconnection of various rescue tools based on their value foundations.Functionally,these tools are divided in their roles but closely linked,forming a well-coordinated framework.Building a systematic pre-bankruptcy distress rescue mechanism has significance impact,the principle of preventive social governance change decided that the bankruptcy protection framework should be extended to the frontier,as the current corporate rescue mechanism has the problem of singularity and incompleteness,the means of corporate distress rescue need to be enriched and improved as a response to the culture of distress rescue and the management of litigation source.Therefore,China should clarify the duties of directors of enterprises on the brink of bankruptcy in the legislation,establish an early warning system,introduce standardised bankruptcy ADR as an important supplement to the informal restructuring mechanism,take the“one-stop”platform as an important carrier and use digital means to provide the underlying support for the effective operation of the rescue mechanism for enterprises in distress before bankruptcy.